硅橡胶/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料的制备与烧蚀结构的研究

苯并噁嗪树脂具有优异的成炭和抗高温氧化性能,是新一代的耐烧蚀树脂。以双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂为耐烧蚀树脂,采用1H-NMR、DSC和转矩流变仪研究其成环率和加工性能;以硅橡胶为耐烧蚀基体,采用熔融共混方法制备了硅橡胶苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料。进行力学和氧乙炔焰烧蚀检测,利用FT-IR、Raman和SEM研究复合材料综合性能和烧蚀结构。结果表明:苯并噁嗪树脂能够明显提高硅橡胶复合材料的耐烧蚀性能,当树脂添加量为20份时,复合材料具有较好的耐烧蚀和力学性能;该复合材料经过氧乙炔焰烧蚀后,烧蚀层形成表面陶瓷层、裂解炭化层和基体层。表面陶瓷层主要由SiO_2,SiC和C组成,裂解炭化层的主要组由C,SiO_2,SiC以及炭化彻底的碳和炭化不完全的有机结构组成。     

大型复合材料构件连接装配二次损伤及抑制策略

在分析复合材料构件成型和制孔过程中产生缺陷的基础上,从构件成型质量、连接孔加工质量和连接孔配合质量3个方面研究了影响装配应力分布的主要因素及其影响规律。研究发现,装配间隙为1.0mm时,连接区最大应力可达537MPa;垂直度误差为1°时,连接区最大应力超过300MPa;连接孔同轴度误差为0.03mm时,连接区最大应力可达443MPa。装配应力过大引起材料内部成型缺陷和制孔损伤的进一步扩展,形成二次损伤,严重影响装配质量。通过合理设计结构和铺层、优化成型工艺和制孔参数,可以减少初始损伤;采用自动化装配技术、优化工装结构、合理安排装配工序和应用填隙补偿工艺降低装配应力,进而有效抑制二次损伤的诱发与扩展,为实现大型复合材料承力构件的高质量精准连接装配提供理论方法和技术支持。     

带减振器的光纤陀螺惯导系统有限元仿真建模方法

以某光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统的IMU单元为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件包Patran/Nastran建立了含减振器的IMU系统有限元模型。重点介绍了有限元模型中减振器的等效处理方法,比较了模型的随机振动响应计算结果和样机振动试验的实测结果,两者的误差在3.2%以内,证明了有限元建模过程中所使用的减振器等效处理方法的合理性。     

CMH模型中部分参数对磁滞回线形状影响的研究

研究了Complete Moving Hysteresis模型计算公式中部分参数对磁滞回线形状的影响 ,发现饱和磁化强度Ms 和移动参数α对回线形状的影响并不显著 ,但参量γ的影响却是明显的 ,随着γ值的增加 ,回线的斜率增加 ,突变性增强     

A two-step weighted least-squares method for joint estimation of source and sensor locations: A general framework

It is well known that the Two-step Weighted Least-Squares(TWLS) is a widely used method for source localization and sensor position refinement. For this reason, we propose a unified framework of the TWLS method for joint estimation of multiple disjoint sources and sensor locations in this paper. Unlike some existing works, the presented method is based on more general measurement model, and therefore it can be applied to many different localization scenarios.Besides, it does not have the initialization and local convergence problem. The closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the proposed TWLS estimator is also derived by exploiting the first-order perturbation analysis. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the TWLS method is shown analytically to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) before the threshold effect takes place. The theoretical analysis is also performed in a common mathematical framework, rather than aiming at some specific signal metrics. Finally, two numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical development in this paper.     

深空合作目标高概率捕获复合扫描策略研究

针对深空目标长距离星间激光通信时间滞后大、光轴抖动明显、不确定区域大的问题,设计了一种基于两级执行机构的抗抖动高概率捕获复合扫描策略。将目标位置不确定区域划分为等大正方形子区域,在子区域内采用光栅扫描,通过快摆镜实现;在子区域间按照光栅螺旋扫描顺序覆盖,通过伺服转台实现子区域间的跳转。然后在考虑光轴抖动的情况下基于遗传算法对子区域大小、扫描光斑重叠大小进行了优化,得到了参数优化后的扫描方案,并通过仿真进行了验证。1000次蒙特卡洛打靶结果表明,在目标位置不确定区域3.6mrad、激光束散角0.1mrad、光轴抖动标准差5μrad的情况下,优化后的扫描方案对目标的捕获概率为99.2%,对不确定区域的扫描时间为41.34s,扫描到目标的平均扫描时间为9.62s。     

地外二氧化碳转化利用技术研究现状与展望

为有效解决未来长期载人地外生存面临的物资供给等关键问题,获得更高的氧回收率、能量转化效率和更低的应用成本,亟须发展更高效的地外二氧化碳转化利用技术。文章总结了地外二氧化碳利用的发展现状并分析了近期的研究进展,发现不同技术之间差异大,在航天应用过程中,需充分考虑地外环境限制因素,以选用更合适的技术。空间站上已搭载的Sabatier装置和火星车上的MOXIE装置初步实现了地外二氧化碳还原。以“地外人工光合成”为代表的常温二氧化碳转化技术可为地外环控生保提供新路线。其不仅能够实现地外氧气供给,还可获得甲酸、乙烯和甲烷等有机分子作为燃料或生物转化原料。随着相关基础研究的不断发展,有望实现二氧化碳的高效转化和高附加值有机物、甚至碳糖食物的生产。地外二氧化碳转化利用技术的发展,将实现地外密闭环境下的废弃资源利用与物质循环,降低载人空间站、载人深空飞船的物资供应需求,也将为原位资源利用火星大气中的二氧化碳提供创新思路,以支撑未来可承受、可持续的地外生存任务。     

太阳帆航天器行星际轨道转移优化算法

研究基于遗传算法的太阳帆行星际转移轨道的全局优化问题.通过极小值原理推导了太阳帆全局优化控制律,并以太阳帆飞行时间最短为优化目标函数,运用遗传算法对发射时间、到达时间和协态变量初值进行参数优化设计.为了解决轨道转移这一多约束优化问题,在遗传算法中加入动态罚函数.在此理论基础上作了从地球同步轨道出发到火星同步轨道转移和从地球出发与火星交会两个算例,仿真结果表明了该方法在太阳帆转移轨道全局优化中的有效性.     

基于线性二次型的飞控参数故障渐近调节

 研究了含有参数故障的线性系统,提出了一种基于线性二次型的控制策略。采用该渐近调节反馈控制律,可以减小系统由于容错控制算法时延所致的性能下降。针对某飞机模型进行了仿真,结果验证了所提出策略的有效性。     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.