热效应布局下的缓冲器插入时序优化方法

随着集成电路的集成度越来越高,芯片的发热量越来越大且其内部温度呈不均匀分布,这会影响关键路径的传播延时,进而影响基于缓冲器插入的关键路径性能.提出了一种考虑芯片热效应布局优化的缓冲器插入时序优化方法,在版图设计的早期估计芯片的热分布和温度分布并且把其应用到版图布局优化和RC延时模型中.同时利用模拟退火算法基于热分布调整并优化布局,最后在最优布局下利用提出的缓冲器插入模型和快速插入算法进行时序优化.仿真结果表明相对于不考虑温度效应布局优化的缓冲器插入方法,缓冲器插入延时优化方法能有效降低最坏延时和缓冲器插入数目,最坏延时比传统方法降低9%~18%,比文献已经提出的最好方法降低5%~7%,缓冲器插入数比其少10~20个.      

FC-AE-1553网络传输性能评价

为了提高航天航空网络传输性能,提出一种通用的FC-AE-1553网络传输效率计算方法并研制高性能FC-AE-1553节点卡.首先,对FC-AE-1553网络的消息传输过程进行详细分析,分析信息类型,给出传输帧的格式建议,通过分析FC-AE-1553协议中各类消息传输的时间参数,结合FC标准中对通信时间的要求,提出FC-AE-1553网络交换中各种消息类型的通信时间计算公式.然后, 针对无差错传输和有差错传输两种情况,给出了网络传输效率的计算方法.最后,通过仿真分析数据帧净荷长度、节点处理时间、交换中序列数量、传输误码率、丢包率等参数对FC-AE-1553网络传输效率的影响,给出了网络优化设计的建议.依托某航天工程任务,研制了基于XC5VFX100T和MPC8536E的FC-AE-1553节点卡.实验结果表明:丢包对传输效率的影响可忽略;数据帧净荷为2 048 B,数据帧数量为16时,传输效率可达到77.2%.      

低温泵常见故障分析及其解决措施

文章对低温泵运行过程中所发生的冷头及氦压缩机典型故障进行了原因分析,并提出了解决措施。最后提出了使低温泵可靠稳定运行的建议。     

基于距离测量的机器人误差标定及参数选定

为消除机器人运动学标定中的模型奇异问题,研究距离平方差模型的可辨识参数.采用修正DH（Denavit-Hartenberg）模型描述机器人连杆结构,六参数描述末端关节到工具坐标系的变换,推导了连杆参数误差到机器人末端距离平方差的线性模型,从冗余关系式和物理解释角度讨论冗余参数,确定可辨识参数,使用迭代的最小二乘法辨识参数完整且非奇异的模型.结合某6旋转关节机器人,以激光跟踪仪为测量仪器进行标定实验,在设计末端执行器时目标测量点偏离末端关节轴线以保证倒数第二关节参数的辨识.结果显示,距离平方差模型避免了测量坐标系到基坐标系的转换,检验点的距离误差均方根降低93.1%,完整性和非奇异性提高了参数辨识的有效性.      

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

150kV/30kW逆变式电子束焊接高压电源设计

针对150kV/30kW电子束焊接高压电源高电压、大功率输出的要求,低压电路采用IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)逆变隔离直流电源与逆变全桥串联的主电路拓扑,高压电路由3组升压变压器与10倍压整流电路的串联结构并联组成;设计了高压采样电路、束流采样电路,以及双闭环控制电路.基于上述技术,实现了150kV/30kW高电压大功率输出.实验结果表明高压加速电源的输出线性度和束流输出线性度较好,同时高压稳定度和束流稳定度均在0.5%左右,能够满足电子束焊接的要求.     

摄影测量技术及其在航天器变形测量中的应用

文章介绍了摄影测量技术的测量原理,系统调研了近年来摄影测量技术在国内外航天器变形测量领域的发展概况,分析总结了该技术的发展趋势和关键技术,并结合我国的具体国情提出了当前变形测量技术发展的建议,为我国在航天器大型复杂部件微变形测量技术的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

基于球几何特征的摄像机内参分步标定方法

在摄像机标定过程中,球形靶标对图像数量、拍摄角度要求小,能够适应遮挡环境,在使用中具有明显优势.在分析球投影模型几何性质的基础上,提出一种利用球靶标分步标定摄像机内部参数的方法.该方法通过拍摄一幅包含空间中2个不同位置球体的图像,得到图像中的2条投影二次曲线;利用2条投影二次曲线的对称轴和公切线计算球心投影点,通过投影二次曲线的对称轴确定图像主点坐标,根据球心投影点和图像主点的位置关系求解归一化焦距;利用整体优化算法得到内参标定结果.仿真数据实验分析了引入测量误差的主要因素,实物标定结果与平面方格靶标方法相比误差在5%之内,重复测量结果稳定.      

火箭发动机气体-颗粒两相流双流体模型研究

探讨了两相流双流体模型中颗粒相压强、两相界面压强以及两相界面速度等若干关键问题,从理论上推导了双流体模型的控制方程,并讨论了颗粒相控制方程的双曲性.把LU隐式时间格式和Van-Leer矢通量分裂格式应用到两相流双流体模型中,并对一维等截面传热摩擦管道和轴对称JPL喷管中气固两相流进行了计算,计算结果与文献结果吻合良好,所建数学模型正确,所用数值计算方法可靠.