CSDB协议及其总线信号的测试

介绍了广泛应用于现代民用客机上的商业标准数字总线（CSDB）协议，并重点分析了CSDB总线信号测试的硬件结构和软件设计，测试设备基于PC104工业控制平台，可作为飞机外厂维修的便携式测试仪器。     

风挡防（除）雾表面瞬态热特性计算

风挡表面瞬态热特性计算是热空气射流防（除）雾系统设计的重要内容。在分析风挡防（除）雾换热机理的基础上，建立了风挡表面瞬态热特性的计算模型，用差分法对其求解。通过计算机模拟，得出计算结果，与试验结果比较，计算误差小于５％，研究的内容，具有工程实用价值。     

疲劳学的研究进展

随机疲劳、混沌疲劳及复合材料疲劳寿命估算属疲劳学研究的三个重要前沿。给出了疲劳损伤的动态概率分布；对混沌疲劳进行了初步探索；且给出了用于复合材料疲劳寿命估算的损伤演化方程。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

CFD在螺旋桨飞机滑流影响研究中的应用

通过求解绝对坐标系下的非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,计算了非定常滑流对某飞机巡航构型低速状态的气动特性影响。为描述螺旋桨桨叶的相对运动,采用了动态重叠网格技术,并在并行环境下采用全隐式双时间步方法和多重网格技术来保证时间精度和提高计算效率。将计算结果与试验结果相比较,在线性段,计算得到的升力系数与试验值总体偏差不超过2%,阻力系数相对试验值而言整体偏大,基本控制在8%左右,俯仰力矩系数的计算结果与试验值趋势一致。总结了滑流对螺旋桨飞机宏观气动特性的影响规律,由于滑流在空间发展过程中不断与周围空气相混合,使得滑流边界逐渐"模糊",因此滑流流管在空间发展过程中的巨大畸变对滑流影响的分析工作带来了难度。针对这种现象,本文将有/无滑流的流场进行对比,通过当地动压增量来定义滑流的加速效应边界,以及通过当地气流角增量来定义滑流的洗流效应边界。该方法能较好地捕捉和解释由于滑流对飞机部件干扰而使得飞机方向安定性呈现的非线性现象,初步揭示了螺旋桨滑流复杂尾迹流动的特点,在螺旋桨飞机非定常滑流影响机理研究方面具有一定的参考价值。     

跟踪微分器在变流量燃气发生器上的应用研究

变流量固冲发动机(VFDR)工作时,常采用PID控制器控制燃气发生器内燃气压强。对于阶跃或方波形式的压力指令,往往由于误差信号的突变使执行机构瞬时输出的控制力过大,产生较大的燃气压强超调与燃气流量负调,严重影响了控制系统的性能。为解决上述问题,在常规的PID控制器基础上,引入跟踪微分器(TD)给压力指令信号合理地安排一个快速无超调的过渡过程并提取微分信号。然后令燃气压强跟踪这个安排的过渡过程,使压强达到期望值。通过对变流量燃气发生器的非线性模型进行仿真试验,结果表明:相比于PID控制器,无论压力指令在高或低压强范围内,所提出的控制器均具有更高的稳态精度和快速性,压强的超调量不超过3.7%,响应时间在1s以内。此外,该控制器在抑制燃气流量的负调量上展现了巨大的优势,可将最大负调量减小2.7～3.25倍,显著地提升了VFDR的性能。     

AS4074 与宝石柱 HSDB 协议性能分析及比较

对高速线性令牌传递数据总线的性能进行了分析,建立了排队系统模型,并导出了节点消息延时、等待队列长度等网络特性与网络吞吐量之间的关系表达式,着重讨论了AS4074和宝石柱HSDB两种协议的性能差异,得出AS4074在中、低负载情况下性能优于宝石柱HSDB,因而更适合于新一代航空电子综合系统的结论。     

结构陶瓷高温蠕变参数最优估计

本文在原有弯曲蠕变变形分析方法的基础上,发展了一种普遍可行的不对称弯曲梁蠕变应力分析数值方法。并应用最优化方法建立了一种新的稳态蠕变参数估计方法。      

航空发动机外物损伤试验技术研究

国外对发动机外物损伤都有规范要求。美国军标MIL-E-5007D发动机通用规范要求:“发动机吸入外物后,外物对风扇、压气机工作叶片和静子叶片造成最小应力集中系数(k_t)为3的损坏时发动机应还能工作到型号规范规定的两个检查周期或小时数。”从而明确规定了考验发动机外物损伤的试验条件和合格标准。我国据79、80两年空军不完全统计,外物击伤发动机多达70起,远远超过鸟撞次数。这些击伤发动机的外物有小的螺钉、螺帽、开口销,还有布块、饭盒、皮帽、指挥旗等。因此在我国制定的“涡喷、涡扇发动机通用规范”GJB241-87中,对外物损伤也有明确的试验要求,试验条件和合格标准与美军标MIL-E-5007D一致。      

中层大气受迫 Rossby 波包的非线性相互作用Ⅰ.理论分析

本文研究了中层大气受迫Rossby波包非线性三波相互作用问题。理论分析得出,如果仅有最大波长或最小波长的波包受外源作用,系统仅能维持受迫波包的运动,平衡状态下外源能量不向另两个波包传递;仅有中等波长波包受外源作用时,随着外源强度的增加,系统的平衡态会发生分岔,并且在分岔点以后,中等波长波包的波幅不再增大,但大气高度愈高该振幅饱和值愈大,外源增大的能量全部通过非线性相互作用馈送给其他两个波包,从而外源可以维持三个波包的长期等幅运动。本文还给出了系统中有两个受迫Rossby波包时系统的平衡态和稳定性条件,这时无论三个波包的尺度关系如何,外源能量均能在三个波包之间传递,因此外源也可以维持三个波包的运动。进一步的结果和波包的演化过程将通过数值计算给出。