Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

红外地球敏感器光电组件测试技术研究

在圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器设计过程中,基于嵌入式SoC技术,提出了一种小体积专用光电组件地面测试系统实现方法,可实现地球敏感器中光栅信号、基准信号的幅度、频率、动态频率等参数的精密测量。介绍了系统的组成及工作原理,着重对非稳定性光栅信号幅度及频率精确测量方法进行了讨论。     

曝气池-氧化沟工艺在含油废水处理中的应用

石化企业产生的大量生产废水,难于处理且危害较大,本文介绍了一种处理含油废水的工艺--曝气池与氧化沟串联,经过实际运行,总结其特点及影响因素,指出该工艺在含油废水处理领域应用,具有出水水质达标,运行平稳,方便操作且脱氮除磷的优点.     

锂氟化碳电池对火星探测任务工况适应性研究

锂氟化碳电池在固体正极体系一次电池中拥有最高的理论比能量(约2180 W·h·kg-1),特别适合对载荷质量要求苛刻的深空探测任务.我国首个火星探测器"天问一号"在其着陆巡视器内部使用了一组锂氟化碳电池用于完成进入—下降—着陆段的供电任务.文章提炼锂氟化碳电池与深空探测应用密切相关的4项基本特性,根据火星探测任务的特点...     

基于ZnO阵列的银表面二次电子发射抑制技术

随着卫星有效载荷的射频功率越来越大,传统的微放电抑制方法已经无法满足大功率卫星有效载荷的需求。降低大功率射频部件内表面的二次电子发射系数是抑制微放电效应的重要方法之一,通过在金属银表面构造纳米量级ZnO阵列,实现了纳米尺度银陷阱结构的制备,研究了晶种制备方式、锌盐浓度对ZnO阵列生长的影响。结果表明,采用紫外照射法制备晶种获得的ZnO阵列在样片表面分布均匀,提高锌盐浓度可改善ZnO阵列的分布均匀性。分析了ZnO阵列排列密度对银膜构筑的影响,发现在低密度的ZnO阵列上更加容易镀覆金属银。因此,获得了镀银表面基于ZnO阵列的陷阱结构制备的工艺技术,实现金属银表面二次电子发射系数最大值降低36.3%。     

基于C-lens的光子带隙光纤准直器传输特性

研究了一种基于C-lens的光子带隙光纤准直器,由于光子带隙光纤准直器光纤端面没有反射,相比普通光纤准直器,其传输矩阵将发生变化。从高斯光束单透镜成像的一般模型出发,利用矩阵光学,在子午面和弧矢面推导了光线传输矩阵。结合实际应用中光子带隙光纤及C-lens透镜的参数,仿真分析了尾纤与C-lens透镜之间的间距及C-lens透镜的参数对工作距离和束腰直径大小的影响,理论得到了新模型下,光子带隙光纤准直器的出射光斑在子午面和弧矢面束腰直径和工作距离近似重合,相比普通光纤出射光斑的椭圆化程度小。研究结果对进行光子带隙光纤准直器及基于光纤准直器的光学器件设计与制作具有指导意义。     

Experimental characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial

Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) actuators have shown wide and promising application prospects in high-speed flow control, due to their advantages including high exhaust speed, wide frequency band, rapid response, and non-moving components. Although previous studies on PSJ actuators are abundant, most of them have focused on the performance of a single actuator. However, in practice, an actuator array is very necessary for large-scale aerodynamic actuation on account of the small affected area of a single PSJ. In this paper, the characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial are investigated experimentally. Compared to a parallel actuator array, the serial actuator array requires simpler power supply design and is much easier to realize. High-speed photography of the discharge evolution, voltage-current measurement, and shadowgraphy visualization are used in the investigation. Experimental results show that, for the serial actuator array, weak discharges happen firstly between energized and suspending electrodes, and then a strong pulse arc discharge is triggered. The breakdown voltage in serial is irrelevant to such factors as the number of actuators, the maximum or minimum gap in serial, the connection sequence, etc. It is mainly determined by the sum of gaps. For serial actuators with the same anode-to-cathode spacing, the energy deposition is the same, and the jet is synchronous and similar. Because of the entrainment and merging of adjacent jet vortices, the jet front speed of an aligned synchronous jet array increases as the orifice distance decreases. To achieve the highest jet front velocity, the orifice of the actuator has an optimal diameter.     

固-膏体燃气发生器热结构分析和仿真

固-膏体燃气发生器是一种新型的燃气发生系统,是潜地导弹变深度弹射系统中的核心部件。为了研究固-膏体燃气发生器工作后膏体储存室的温度分布情况,采用源项法结合动网格技术、RNG k-ε湍流模型和离散坐标（DO）辐射模型对固-膏体燃气发生器的工作过程进行了数值仿真,并对不同膏体推进剂挤压流量下的膏体推进剂的温度分布作了对比研究。结果表明,传入膏体储存室的热量大部分来自于挤压室内的高温燃气,且整体热量的传导主要在轴向进行。随着膏体推进剂挤压流量增加,膏体储存室内的最高温度和平均温度均有所增加。研究结果可以为该型号固-膏体燃气发生器的热防护设计和改进提供相关参考。