湿热环境苯基阻尼硅橡胶加速老化与寿命预测研究

研究了苯基阻尼硅橡胶的湿热老化过程,重点考察了其拉伸性能、阻尼性能和压缩回弹性能。对于拉伸性能,实验研究表明材料拉伸模量和100%定伸应力均随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐提高。对于阻尼性能,损耗系数随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐下降。对于压缩回弹性能,压缩永久变形随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐上升。另外,温度对苯基硅橡胶性能的影响大于湿度。这主要归因于老化过程中同时发生了侧基氧化和水解,进而导致分子链交联和断裂同时发生。相比于分子链断裂,分子链交联占据了主导作用。最后,采用Peck模型预测了不同温湿度环境下苯基硅橡胶的贮存寿命。由于阻尼性能决定了苯基硅橡胶的减振性能,因此将损耗系数作为评价特征参数。结果表明,在25 ℃下,当相对湿度在80%~40%间变动时,苯基硅橡胶的寿命在18~39 a间变化。此研究有助于进一步理解苯基硅橡胶的老化过程,并且提供了不同湿热环境下苯基阻尼硅橡胶寿命预测的方法。     

固体推进剂定淬息距离凝相燃烧产物收集方法

含铝固体推进剂凝相燃烧产物对发动机的能量特性、热防护以及燃烧稳定性均有重要影响.为了排除燃烧过程中推进剂燃面退移造成的凝相燃烧产物淬息距离逐渐增大的影响,设计并建立了一套基于恒定淬息距离的凝相燃烧产物收集系统,并通过典型丁羟四组元推进剂凝相燃烧产物的收集和分析,对该收集方法进行了校验.结果表明,淬息距离恒定使得凝相燃烧...     

永磁同步电机定子系统模态振型研究

针对永磁同步电机振动及噪声的问题,从电机定子系统的结构模态入手,通过仿真分析不同铁心模型及不同机壳厚度对定子系统的影响,分析定子各参数对电机振动及噪声的影响。通过试验验证了仿真求解的可靠性,得到各参数对定子系统振型影响的一般规律。     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

联合截获威胁下的雷达射频隐身目标搜索算法

针对基于射频(RF)隐身需求的机载雷达目标搜索问题进行了研究。通过分析实际作战中射频辐射面临的截获威胁,提出了一种基于联合截获威胁的射频隐身性能表征方法,并给出了具体的值估算方法;对机载雷达搜索任务中辐射参数的优化问题进行了建模,并采用优化算法对目标函数进行求解。通过分析典型情景下解集的分布特点,给出了从最优解集中选取最终解的方法。结果表明,提出的射频隐身性能表征方法能更好地反映截获实现过程的多域需求,提出的雷达搜索方法能够在保证探测性能的同时,提高射频隐身性能和搜索速度,能够为相控阵雷达搜索任务中参数的优化控制提供方法和依据。     

星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法

针对卫星运动对星地距离和钟差测量的不利影响,提出一种基于最小二乘拟合的星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法。在建立星地可视模型基础上,仿真了MEO运动卫星与地面时间同步站之间星地距离的变化规律,分析了卫星运动对星地双向时间同步与测距的主要不利影响。该算法首先利用星地双向时间同步数据分别生成星地距离和钟差拟合多项式,然后联合求解出运动卫星误差最小的星地距离与钟差。实验结果表明了该算法的合理性和科学性,在包含仿真误差的条件下,其时间同步精度优于3ns,测距精度优于3m。将其应用到各种空天应用系统的星地时间同步与测距中,可以消除卫星运动对双向时间同步与测距的不利影响,提高时间同步与测距精度。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于光照模糊相似融合不变矩的航天器目标识别

针对航天器目标识别中现有的光照变化和图像模糊条件下几何仿射不变矩识别不稳健问题,根据灰度光照模型,结合图像模糊和不变矩的基本理论,提出了一种光照模糊不变量,与几何仿射不变矩进行融合,构建出一种新的光照模糊相似融合（CIBA）不变矩,并从理论上证明了光照、模糊和相似变换（平移、缩放和旋转）不变性。对3种不同的航天器目标的识别实验表明,光照模糊相似融合不变矩在最小距离分类器中的识别准确率达到了86.37%,比几何仿射不变矩提高了94.00%,比具有光照不变性的几何仿射不变矩提高了24.54%,有效地解决了对不同位姿、不同光照模糊条件下的航天器目标识别问题,提高了基于矩的目标识别鲁棒性。     

以PRETCO为例,浅析高职英语阅读测试任务的设计

高职英语测试的重点是考核学生真实的英语应用能力.任务型阅读测试能较好地适应高职英语测试的需要.本文通过对PRETCO阅读测试任务设计的分析,从测试目标、测试方式、选材和题型等方面提出改进高职英语阅读测试的设想.