Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

Genetic differentiation induced by spaceflight treatment of Cistanche deserticola and identification of inter-simple sequence repeat markers associated with its medicinal constituent contents

The dried, fleshy stems of Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) are popular tonics in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat the inability of kidney in expelling extra fluid in the body, causing fluid retention, and reform reproductive system. However, the wild plants of C. deserticola have become endangered due to habitat downsizing and over-harvesting for its medicinal usages. The present research was carried out for the following purposes: (1) promoting the space-breeding research; (2) providing molecular evidence for agricultural selective breeding; and (3) protecting this endangered herbal medicine and conserving its genetic resources.     

Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions

In this study, we report an easy and quick method on simulating chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy charged particles. The theoretical value of chromosome break was calculated, and validated comparison with experimental value by using premature chromosome condensation technique. A good consistency was found between theoretical and experimental value. This suggested that higher relative biological effectiveness of heavy ions was closely correlated with its physical characteristics. Also, a safe approach on predicting chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions at off-line environment can be considered. Furthermore, three key factors influencing the theoretical simulation was investigated and discussed.     

雷达信号时差频差测量定位工程实现技术研究

针对星载时差频差无源定位系统对地海面雷达信号定位工程实现需要考虑的实际问题,对雷达信号时差频差测量关键技术进行研究.首先研究了雷达信号时差频差测量方法,然后研究了双星时差频差模糊条件并提出解模糊方法,最后,研究了长时间积累对到达频差的影响,给出随时间变化频差补偿方法.     

密集有源多假目标的压制干扰效果分析与仿真

多假目标干扰在现代电子战中应用日益广泛。随着工作状态参数的不同,多假目标干扰呈现出不同的干扰效果。在讨论密集多假目标产生方法的基础上,针对两种不同的恒虚警处理,详细分析了密集多假目标的干扰效果,得到一些有价值的结论:当密集程度较高时,多假目标干扰可以起到类似噪声的压制作用,最后进行了仿真验证。     

编队卫星的状态测量方法综述及可行的高精度星间基线测量方案研究

基线高精度测量是编队卫星应用需要解决的关键技术之一。针对这个问题,文章从3个方面进行了阐述。首先,综述目前国内外常用的编队卫星状态测量手段,然后在前面分析的基础上,结合编队卫星基线的表示方法和卫星编队飞行的特点,提出了2种可行的基线激光测量方案,并对它们各自的测量精度进行了简单地分析。从分析的结果来看,这2种方法均能实现高精度的基线测量。     

PLC构成电梯控制系统特性分析

分析了电梯的负载特性,阐述了采用梯形加速曲线的电梯理想速度曲线,结合变频器和PLC的性能,论述了电梯控制系统的构成和工作特性,以及电梯速度曲线产生的方法,归纳了由PLC构成的控制系统软件设计的特点。