行星着陆动力下降段相对视觉导航方法

针对行星着陆动力下降段视觉导航自然路标匮乏的问题,提出了一种相对视觉导航方法。该方法利用相机和雷达的测量信息构建相对导航坐标系并求解随机视觉特征点在该坐标系下的位置矢量,利用求解得到的特征点为导航参考,设计相对导航系统,估计着陆器在相对导航坐标系下的位置、速度及姿态信息。同时,构建可观性矩阵,解耦分析位置和姿态的可观性。通过可观性分析可知利用相对导航坐标系下的一个随机特征点即可实现着陆器全状态可观。最后通过仿真分析着陆器状态误差,验证了可观测度理论分析及导航性能。该相对导航方法无需行星地形数据库,且可以实现着陆器全状态的高精度估计,满足行星精确软着陆的需求。     

Time delay of ionospheric TEC storms to geomagnetic storms and pre-storm disturbance events in East Asia

Using the TEC data at Beijing (39.61°N, 115.89°E)/Yakutsk (62.03°N, 129.68°E) stations of East Asia regions and relevant geomagnetic data from 2010 to 2017, we have studied the time delay of ionospheric storms to geomagnetic storms and compare it with our previous results of Taoyuan (25.02°N, 121.21°E) station (Zhang et al., 2020). The data shows a well-known local time dependence of the time delay, and seasonal dependences are different at these stations. In addition, there is no correlation between the time delay and the magnetic storm intensity /solar activity, except the time delay of negative storms has weakly negative dependence on the solar activity. Comparing with the results of Taoyuan station which is located at EIA region in East Asia, we find that the time delay increases nonlinearly as the latitude decreases due to different ionospheric backgrounds at these places. Moreover, the pre-storm disturbance events are found to have similar statistical characteristics as the pre-storm enhancement in Europe middle latitudes (Bure?ová and La?tovi?ka, 2007). By subtracting the common features of the pre-storm disturbance events, we preliminarily infer that auroral activity might be main driver of the pre-storm disturbance events.     

Multi-scale strength analysis of bolted connections used in integral thermal protection system

Efficient and accurate strength analysis of bolted connections is essential in analyzing the integral thermal protection system(ITPS) of hypersonic vehicles, since the system bears severe loads and structural failures usually occur at the connections. Investigations of composite mechanical properties used in ITPS are still in progress as the architecture of the composites is complex. A new method is proposed in this paper for strength analysis of bolted connections by investigating the elastic behavior and failure strength of three-dimensional C/C orthogonal composites used in ITPS. In this method a multi-scale finite element method incorporating the global–local method is established to ensure high efficiency in macro-scale and precision in meso-scale in analysis.Simulation results reveal that predictions of material properties show reasonable accuracy compared with test results. And the multi-scale method can analyze the strength of connections efficiently and accurately.     

40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢机械加工与喷丸试样旋转弯曲疲劳寿命的预测方法

为了预测机械加工及喷丸强化后40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢试样在室温下的旋转弯曲疲劳寿命,结合商用有限元软件ABAQUS和疲劳寿命分析软件FE-SAFE对不同数值计算方法的适用性及准确性进行比较,提出了喷丸强化40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢的寿命预测经验公式。结果表明:对于机械加工试样,选择"Brown-Miller"算法和表面残余应力用于计算可获得比较准确的预测结果;对于喷丸强化试样,高应力水平下也可选用"Brown-Miller"算法及表面残余应力,而低应力水平下则应改用"Stress-based Brown Miller"算法及最大残余应力。基于上述两种方法提出的经验公式:σmax=–64.378·lgN+1449.268,可改善40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢喷丸强化试样疲劳寿命预测的准确性。     

Effects of variations of geomagnetic field on VLF waves induced by beating of two HF waves

Beat wave (BW) high frequency (HF) ionospheric heating experiments were conducted to generate very low frequency (VLF) waves. The VLF waves were registered with a VLF receiver located ～15?km east of the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) heating facility in Tromsø, Norway. A fluxgate magnetometer was used to monitor auroral electrojet current, and ionospheric conditions were measured using a Dynasonde. Correlation coefficients between VLF amplitudes and the deviation of geomagnetic north–south components were calculated. Experimental results show that strong and positive correlation exists the majority of the time, but sometimes no correlation or even a negative correlation occurred. This is consistent with similar past experiments that took place with exclusively AM generation. These results therefore support the conclusion that BW generation of VLF waves is no different than with AM, likely occurring in the D or lower E ionospheric region.     

基于时间累计法的工时定额评估数学模型的建立

采用时间累计法对基本维修作业建立数学模型，解决了表格式工时定额数据多、误差大、使用不便和管理复杂等问题。而且，通过设计和建立数学模型数据库系统，为计算机辅助制定工时定额创造了条件。以基本维修作业为研究对象，系统地分析了基本维修作业划分和量化的方法及步骤，包括模型确定的方法和系数求解公式，并对基于累计法的基本维修作业数学模型进行了深入的研究，从而得到了工时定额评估的一般方法。     

高校计算机基础教育问题与发展对策

长期以来，高校计算机基础教学沿用传统的“教师边讲解、边演示，学生边听、边模仿”的教学方式，缺乏创新意识，使得大学生对计算机基础课程缺乏足够的兴趣和重视。如何培养高校生的计算机操作技能，培养他们利用计算机解决学习、工作和生活中实际问题的能力是一项重大工程。鉴于此，本文对高校计算机基础教育存在的问题与发展对策进行了探讨。     

基于Maxwell的混合式步进电机的 仿真设计和结构分析

介绍了一种太阳能帆板驱动系统用混合式步进电机的设计和仿真方法,采用该方法得到了混合式步进电机的最佳齿形和结构数据.提出了一种等效二维有限元模型,将三维磁路转化为平面磁路,该模型有较高的仿真精度,同时对计算机的要求较低.利用该模型对不同的齿宽齿距比、齿宽齿高比和常用的结构形式进行比较,得出该电机的最优方案;同时,对混合式步进电机定转子不同齿距的结构进行仿真,得出其性能指标,分析不同情况的效果.     

Low-temperature Formation of Aluminide Coatings on Ni-base Superalloys by Pack Cementation Process

This article investigates the low-temperature formation of aluminide coatings on a Ni-base superalloy by pack cementation process. The pack cemented coatings characteristic of high density and homogeneity possess a two-layer structure. The top layer mainly consists of Al₃Ni₂ and Al₃Ni, while the bottom layer of Al₃Ni₂. Great efforts are made to elucidate the effects of different experimental parameters on the microstructure and the constituent distribution of the coatings. The results show that all the parameters exclusive of the pack activator (NH₄Cl) content produce effect on the coating thickness, but do not on the microstructure and the constituent distribution. The pack activator (NH₄Cl) content affects neither the coating thickness nor structure and constituent distribution. The parabolic relationship between the coating thickness and the deposition time suggests that the process is diffusion-controlled. Furthermore, the article demonstrates a linear relationship between the coating thickness and the reciprocal deposition temperature.