焊缝射线检测智能化评定系统研制

目前X射线检测存在检测底片难于长时间保存、对操作人员依赖性强等不足,底片检测信息处理智能化水平较低。随着搅拌摩擦焊、激光焊等新方法的应用,制造业数字化车间的建设,对缺陷检测、质量检测信息的有效保存、处理也提出了更高的要求。为解决轨道车辆车体焊接结构内部缺陷检测可视化、自动化的需求,研发高质量的X射线检测底片扫描技术、先进的信息处理技术,开发X射线检测底片的数字化及自动化评定技术,实现底片有效信息的无损数字化,底片缺陷自动搜寻、测量与分类,研发国内首套高速列车射线底片智能化评定系统,提升X射线检测技术的信息化、自动化水平,实现底片自动化评定。相关技术可向航空航天产品进行推广。     

超声速双侧二元进气道在侧滑状态下的再起动特性数值研究

针对冲压发动机燃烧室压强过高导致进气道不起动的问题,对一种双侧布局的超声速混压式二元进气道的再起动特性开展数值研究,获得了小侧滑角下迎、背风侧进气道的再起动特性。结果表明:对于双侧布局的进气道,其再起动出现了明显的回路迟滞现象,且在小侧滑角下,迎、背风侧进气道的再起动流态出现了明显的不对称性,在不起动及再起动的过程中会出现单侧进气道不起动的现象。比较发现:迎风侧进气道较背风侧进气道更容易出现不起动,且其实现再起动更为困难。通过对比不同背压峰值作用下的进气道再起动特性发现,当进气道背压峰值大于进气道不起动背压时,进气道的再起动背压值不随着背压峰值的增大发生变化,但进气道会发生倒流,形成反向冲量,导致内阻急剧上升,发动机工作性能恶化。      

Matching mechanism analysis on an adaptive cycle engine

As a novel aero-engine concept, adaptive cycle aero-engines (ACEs) are attracting wide attention in the international aviation industry due to their potential superior task adaptability along a wide flight regime. However, this superior task adaptability can only be demonstrated through proper combined engine control schedule design. It has resulted in an urgent need to inves-tigate the effect of each variable geometry modulation on engine performance and stability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to predict and discuss the effect of each variable geometry modulation on the matching relationship between engine components as well as the overall engine performance at dif-ferent operating modes, on the basis of a newly developed nonlinear component-based ACE perfor-mance model. Results show that at all four working modes, turning down the high pressure compressor variable stator vane, the low pressure turbine variable nozzle, the nozzle throat area, and turning up the core-driven fan stage variable stator vane, the high pressure turbine variable nozzle can increase the thrust at the expense of a higher high pressure turbine inlet total tempera-ture. However, the influences of these adjustments on the trends of various engine components' working points and working lines as well as the ratio of the rotation speed difference are different from each other. The above results provide valuable guidance and advice for engine combined con-trol schedule design.     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

轴流压气机串列叶栅参数优化研究

为发展串列叶栅优化设计体系,首先提出了串列叶型的参数化造型方法,并对某传统叶栅进行了串列改型,设计点总压损失系数下降了41.8%,静压升上升了0.92%。发展了主从式并行微分进化算法,并对该串列叶栅的5个配置参数进行了数值优化,设计点总压损失系数降低了8.67%,静压升提高了0.3%。采用偏相关分析法对优化全过程进行数据挖掘,揭示了5个配置参数对串列叶栅性能的影响程度。提出并验证了串列叶栅前后叶的弯角和弦长分布对攻角特性的影响关系,并定义一个新的参数用于衡量这一影响关系,实现了对攻角特性的调节,得到了全工况更优的方案。     

电推进空心阴极热子的寿命评估研究

为了评估阴极热子失效对阴极寿命的影响,在考虑空心阴极热子加热功率和蒸发速率的基础上,利用建模分析的方法研究了阴极热子阻值退化过程及热子初始半径对寿命的影响,分析了阴极热子寿命评估的误差传播特性和基于阻值变化的阴极热子寿命评估方法。结果表明阴极热子退化过程是一种典型的失稳过程;阴极热子寿命对初始半径的敏感度较高,热子半径每减少2μm,寿命减少约50%;热子初始半径误差在退化过程中会被剧烈放大,初始值的微小标准差经过这一发散过程后标准差从0.046增大到0.083,高于初始值近两倍,在空心阴极的加速寿命评估中恒流工作模式的稳定性较差。     

基于参考轨迹的 无人机自主着陆控制系统设计与仿真

针对无人机以不同载荷自主着陆时,固定的纵向参考轨迹线不能满足着陆速度及其他着陆参数对轨迹的要求的问题,文章根据无人机不同的飞行性能和着陆性能要求,设计纵向着陆轨迹,结合着陆过程的控制逻辑,设计控制律。并通过Matlab/Simulink建立无人机的自主着陆阶段的仿真模型,验证了设计的着陆轨迹和着陆控制律满足着陆性能要求。     

小型太阳能无人机超大展弦比轻质主梁设计

太阳能无人机表面需要铺设太阳能电池,这就要求太阳能无人机的结构要同时满足不影响太阳能电池效率的光学特性和要达到足够强度、刚度的力学特性。文章针对小型太阳能飞机超大展弦比机翼进行轻质化结构设计,过程中充分考虑超大展弦比机翼的柔性变形,对比不同的设计方案并提出合理设计方案。     

静不稳定制导火箭弹控制系统设计

选取鸭式布局结构制导火箭弹作为研究对象,从改善制导火箭弹的飞行性能的要求出发,对静不稳定火箭弹自动驾驶仪进行了设计,对弹道上不同飞行高度和不同飞行速度条件下的自动驾驶仪响应进行仿真研究,结果表明,所设计的自动驾驶仪能够保证控制系统的性能稳定。     

基于FPGA的并行数字脉压设计

在超宽带雷达接收系统中,对超大带宽、高数据率和大数据量的基带信号处理,并不再适合采用传统的基于DSP芯片的低速率串行脉压方式.在数字中频接收系统中基于FPGA实现并行多相滤波数字下变频与并行数字脉压的综合设计,采用并行多相FFT和频率抽取IFFT的算法架构,多个并行基带信号同时进行脉压运算,相比传统串行方式能够大大提高处理效率.将数字脉压由雷达信号处理系统提前到数字中频接收系统实现,并基于FPGA实现并行高效处理,对优化雷达系统的接收及处理架构具有重要意义.