一种低速风洞大流量进气道试验系统研制

为了提高FL-8风洞进气道试验能力,结合该风洞特点,在不破坏原有进气道试验系统前提下,研制了一路大流量进气道试验系统,采用直线形式布置在风洞中心,引射混合气体扩压减速后排入风洞扩散段内。该系统可实现进气道流场模拟、性能测量、流量控制与测量。为了验证该系统性能,在FL-8风洞进行试验验证了引射器的引射能力,排气对风洞流场的影响以及流量的控制与测量精度。该系统测量精度高,流量测量精度达到0.3%以上引射能力强,排气对风洞流场影响小,可模拟单路流量2.8kg/s,较原FL-8进气道试验能力提高50%以上,并且与原FL-8进气道试验系统结合使用,可实现三路进气道同时模拟。     

Twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude and position

A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances.     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

离心机精度对加速度计二次项标定精度的影响

离心机是标定高精度加速度计二次项系数(k2)的主要设备之一,其精度水平对k2标定精度具有重要影响。为揭示这种影响规律,指导测试设计,在常用的加速度计多项式模型基础上,建立了k2标定精度与离心机精度之间的数学模型,并利用MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明,k2标定精度受离心机精度及其输出加速度幅度共同影响。在给定离心机精度的情况下,需要根据k2精度目标来设计离心机输出加速度范围,以免影响测试结果。     

基于超网格的重叠网格守恒插值方法

保证重叠网格边界数据插值的守恒性是计算流体力学面临的一大难题。基于超网格方法与格心格式有限体积法,发展了一种新型混合重叠网格守恒插值方法。详细研究了用网格切割技术在重叠网格边界构造局部超网格,用网格求交算法合理地扩大贡献单元模板,建立了一种适用于任意网格类型的隐式并行重叠网格守恒插值方法,以超网格为媒介可实现重叠网格二阶精度的守恒插值。数值结果表明,本文方法对二阶分布的流场变量具有严格的守恒性,相比三线性插值方法和逆向距离权插值方法,本文方法减小了数值误差,提高了重叠网格边界的插值精度,加快了计算收敛速度,改善了重叠区域网格尺度相差较大时流场的光滑性和连续性。     

大数据在航空系统的研究现状与发展趋势

针对大数据在航空系统中的应用问题,阐述了学术界与航空工业界在航空大数据采集传输、分析技术及可视化等方面的研究现状。提出了航空大数据平台基础架构,对目前推出的几款航空大数据分析平台结合优化运营、优化维护、降低成本、降低风险等方面的需求进行了评述。指出大数据在航空系统中的应用还存在着理念、方法、技术、人等方面的挑战,并相应地提出大数据组织专门化、处理方法混合化、分析平台柔性化及跨界合作深入化等发展趋势。     

叶顶间隙对人工心脏泵血液相容性影响的数值研究

采用定常和非定常数值方法系统研究了离心血泵在供压173 mmHg时,4组不同叶顶间隙下的血流动力学特性和血液相容性。所研究的间隙分别为5.0、2.0、1.0 mm和0.2 mm,对速度、湍动能等参数的分布规律以及标准溶血指数(normalized index of hemolysis,NIH)随叶顶间隙大小的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:在流量3.0 L/min,供压173 mmHg工况下,原型血泵有较好的血液相容性;随着叶顶间隙的减小,最大切应力与标准溶血指数呈显著单峰变化趋势,在1.0 mm间隙结构取得最低标准溶血指数0.000 5 g/100 L,并降低了在叶轮侧壁与泵壳下壁面的狭缝内形成血栓的风险;定常与非定常的结果对比表明:定常结果往往会过小的预测溶血,瞬态标准溶血指数随叶轮转动呈周期性变化,其平均值与定常结果相差在5%以内。      

飞机前轮随滑行速度限偏的分析研究

飞机在起飞降落阶段前轮偏度过大会发生侧翻,应根据滑跑速度合理限制前轮的偏度。基于侧翻现象发生的原理,通过分析起飞降落阶段前轮偏转时飞机相对侧翻轴的合力矩,得到前轮极限滚动方向偏度;建立前轮滚动方向偏度和偏转角度的关系,计算起飞降落状态下各速度的前轮限偏角度以及考虑飞机螺旋桨不对称滑流的前轮中立位,得到前轮的偏转范围。结果表明：计算得到的前轮限偏范围符合前轮限偏的一般特性,能够防止侧翻的同时最大保留前轮纠偏能力。     

涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计

开发了一套造型灵活直观、网格生成速度快的涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计工具,该工具的核心技术是非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面造型和网格变形.在此基础上以商业软件Isight为优化驱动器,以CFX为求解器,搭建了非轴对称端壁优化设计流程.以Pack B涡轮平面叶栅为例,对其进行了非轴对称端壁优化设计.优化后涡轮平面叶栅总压损失系数减小了12.96%.结果表明:涡轮平面叶栅端部的静压分布改变削弱了涡轮平面叶栅通道中马蹄涡、通道涡的强度,提高了涡轮平面叶栅的气动性能.