“定制”与“广义”概念下的指尖密封结构优化

 为了获得高性能的指尖密封结构型式，根据指尖密封的结构组成特点，提出了“定制”型线和“广义”型线概念下的指尖密封结构优化策略，以及反映指尖密封基本组成特征和具有“单元叠加”功能的最小优化单元。通过采用统一优化法和分步优化法对两类指尖密封结构的多目标优化问题进行了优化分析，研究结果表明，“定制”型线指尖密封结构优化和 “广义”型线指尖密封结构优化的策略和方法，可以达到同步降低指尖密封迟滞率和综合刚度的多目标优化目标，是获得具有良好综合性能的指尖密封结构的有效途径。从工程意义上讲，“广义”型线指尖密封结构优化技术更具选择指尖密封性能优化取向和程度的优势。     

合金元素的添加对Fe3Al基合金有序转变温度的影响

用电阻法研究了Cr,Mo和Nb等常用合金元素的添加对Fe3Al基合金有序转变温度Tc的影响，结果表明，Fe3Al材料本身的进一步有序化和沉淀相的溶解使其R－T曲线出现反常现象。Cr的含量对三元Fe-Al-Cr合金中Tc温度无显著影响，将Mo.Nb加入到Fe3Al中会导致其Tc温度增加，在四元Fe-Al-Cr-Mo合金中，Mo和Cr的良好匹配能有效地提高Fe3Al的Tc温度。     

多孔介质传热传湿过程多层不连续问题的数值分析

提出了一种基于有限体积法预测非线性边界条件下多层多孔介质内的传热传湿过程的数值分析方法。求解过程中考虑了瞬态边界条件，从而避免了通常处理中边界条件设定为常数而给计算带来的误差，对于多层多孔介质每一层物性参数的非连续性，采用了有效的有限差分逼近处理。利用该处理对典型的三层墙体层与层界面处相对湿度的瞬态值进行了预测，计算结果与Liesen R J等的传递函数求解方法符合很好。     

航天应急故障操作程序复杂度度量方法研究

通过对航天应急故障操作程序进行复杂度定量,可避免操作程序设计不当导致的工作负荷增加,为航天员训练时间分配、以及协同工作负荷分配提供量化依据.通过进行航天应急故障操作程序复杂度分析,提出四个复杂度度量子指标,这些指标分别为操作步骤规模复杂度、操作逻辑复杂度、操作仪器信息复杂度和任务信息复杂度,可以从不同角度为操作复杂度定量.然后采用软件领域用以评估软件程序复杂度的熵值法,分别对四个子指标进行度量,并汇总得到操作复杂度度量值.最后通过航天员训练数据对比,对所提出的复杂度度量方法进行验证.回归结果表明,航天应急故障操作复杂度度量方法是有效的,其度量值可以预测航天应急故障操作的操作时间.     

基于UKF的深空探测光学自主导航方法

光学自主导航方法将成为未来深空探测广泛应用的导航方式。在建立探测器的光学自主导航系统的状态方程和量测方程基础上,针对“深空一号”探测器飞行中采用批处理最小二乘滤波方法存在的不足,提出了基于UKF滤波的光学自主导航方法。仿真结果表明:UKF方法不仅导航精度高,而且需要的导航小行星的数目远少于批处理最小二乘方法所需的数目。     

有扰情况下欠驱动刚性航天器旋转轴稳定研究

研究欠驱动刚性航天器受到正弦干扰力矩作用时的旋转轴指向稳定控制问题。采用欧拉-泊松形式描述航天器的运动方程,然后分别针对轴对称情况和非轴对称情况设计控制律,并结合Lyapunov直接法和LaSalle不变性定理证明控制律的全局渐近稳定性。理论分析和仿真结果都表明新的控制律能够实现旋转轴指向全局渐近稳定。     

Experimental Study of Bowed-twisted Stators in an Axial Transonic Fan Stage

Bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles have been developed to replace the conventional tandem stators in an axial transonic fan stage working at high subsonic speeds. Experimental study is carried out on both stages with tandem stators and with bowed-twisted stators. Compared to the tandem stators, the bowed-twisted stators change the distribution of the low-energy fluid and the potential high-energy fluid at the compressor outlets, reduce the endwall loss significantly, improve the aerodynamic matching of rotors and stators, and eventually increase the fan stage performances. The aerodynamic performances of the fan stage at different operating points are compared and contrasted. The results show that the transonic fan stage with bowed-twisted stators has better aerodynamic performances. It is thus suggested that the bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles be popularized into the high-loaded transonic fan designs.     

有限姿控能力的低RCS微小卫星姿态实时规划

 为提高在轨微小卫星使用效能及生存能力,提出一种受姿控能源消耗及驱动能力约束的低雷达散射截面（RCS）微小卫星姿态实时规划算法。算法应用曲面像素法、时域有限差分法及假设检验,在三维空间内对微小卫星的RCS及雷达探测水平进行建模,并结合雷达分布模型构建了相应的威胁评估函数及规划代价评估函数。同时,为提高算法的实时性能,采用了粒子群优化(PSO)算法以降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在有限计算量的基础上,算法能够以较小规划代价有效降低卫星威胁方向的RCS及雷达探测概率,满足对微小卫星飞行姿态实时规划的需要。     

计及大迎角失速的直升机旋翼的气动力模拟

为了描述旋翼诱导速度的分布和大小,综合应用动态入流理论和王氏涡流理论,建立了一个适合直升机机动飞行时的入流模型;以叶素理论为基础,采用状态空间表达式的形式,建立起旋翼非定常气动模型,得到了旋翼气动力随桨盘方位角的变化规律,计算结果与参考数据吻合较好;最终针对失速流和深度失速流两种情况,以MATLAB软件为计算平台,求得了在给定输入情况下某型直升机平飞跃升机动过程中的旋翼拉力响应曲线,研究了大迎角情况下的气动载荷,为直升机旋翼的非定常气动力模拟提供了参考.     

MHD Flow Control of Oblique Shock Waves Around Ramps in Low-temperature Supersonic Flows

This article is devoted to experimental study on the control of the oblique shock wave around the ramp in a low-temperature supersonic flow by means of the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) flow control technique. The purpose of the experiments is to take advantage of MHD interaction to weaken the oblique shock wave strength by changing the boundary flow characteristics around the ramp. Plasma columns are generated by pulsed direct current(DC) discharge, the magnetic fields are generated by Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnets and the oblique shock waves in supersonic flow are generated by the ramp. The Lorentz body force effect of MHD interaction on the plasma-induced airflow velocity is verified through particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements. The experimental results from the supersonic wind tunnel indicate that the MHD flow control can drastically change the flow characteristics of the airflow around the ramp and decrease the ratio of the Pitot pressure after shock wave to that before it by up to 19. 66%, which leads to the decline in oblique shock wave strength. The oblique shock waves in front of the ramp move upstream by the action of the Lorentz body force. The discharge characteristics are analyzed and the MHD interaction time and consumed energy are determined with the help of the pulsed DC discharge images. The interaction parameter corresponding to the boundary layer velocity can reach 1. 3 from the momentum conservation equation. The velocity of the plasma column in the magnetic field is much faster than that in the absence of magnetic field force. The plasma can strike the neutral gas molecules to transfer momentum and accelerate the flow around the ramp.