乳化油的蒸发和燃烧研究

本文从理论和实验两方面研究航空煤油和0~#柴油乳化液的蒸发和燃烧特性。结果表明,乳化油燃烧时出现的微爆现象能明显缩短油珠的生存期,对提高燃烧效率和强化燃烧十分有利;乳化油的燃烧,也为抑制氮氧化物和微碳粒的生成提供了有利的条件。文中也详细讨论了主要工作参数对微爆过程的影响,对乳化油的工程应用有参考价值。     

航天器推进系统气路减压阀温度特性研究

针对航天器推进系统,分析了氦气在气路上的工作过程,研究了氦气节流效应及其对减压阀阀体温度的影响。研究结果表明,在航天器气路正常工作的温度与压力范围内,氦气经过减压阀节流后的温升在65～68 K之间,并随减压阀进、出口压力差的增大而增大。氦气温度变化引起减压阀阀体温度的变化,因此了解阀体温度特性是减压阀热控设计的依据。     

基于CCSDS的低码率图像压缩优化算法

为了提高空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）采用的图像压缩算法的编码效率,提出了一种二维预测模型。通过利用图像像素之间的空间相关性对直流系数的预测模式及其熵编码算法进行改进和优化,该算法在有效地提高了直流系数的压缩比的同时,也增强了其抗误码性能。试验结果表明,该算法在低码率条件下能获得更好的图像编码质量,与CCSDS原有算法相比,峰值信噪比值提高了0.1~0.3dB。算法可极大地满足星载图像压缩数据在低码率下传输的要求。     

Evaluation of using two-phase frictional pressure drop correlations for normal gravity to microgravity and reduced gravity

The calculation of two-phase frictional pressure drop (TPFPD) is required by two-phase systems operating under microgravity and reduced gravity. There are a large number of correlations for the TPFPD in tubes under normal gravity. However, it is hard to find out a TPFPD correlation obtained from microgravity and/or reduced gravity conditions, and thus people have to use TPFPD correlations for normal gravity to calculate TPFPD under microgravity and reduced gravity. It is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of such practice. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the TPFPD correlations for normal gravity and an up-to-data survey of the TPFPD experimental study under microgravity and reduced gravity. There are 23 TPFPD correlations for normal gravity reviewed and 135 experimental data under microgravity obtained from the literature. These experimental data are used to evaluate the reviewed TPFPD correlations. It is found that the smallest mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of the correlations is greater than 34%. Using TPFPD correlations for normal gravity to reduced gravity and microgravity may be acceptable for the first approximation, but correlations intended for microgravity and reduced gravity are needed and more experiments are desired to obtain more data with high accuracy.     

旋转矢量法解的二义性及其消除方法

对旋转矢量法用于相控阵天线校准时的多解问题及其消除方法进行了研究.采用旋转矢量法对相控阵天线进行校准时会得到两组解,其中一组是伪解.通过理论推导对旋转矢量法中解的二义性进行了分析,给出了两组解的物理意义;然后通过对求解量进行变换给出了一种基于多轮测试的旋转矢量法解的二义性消除方法;最后通过理论分析和数值仿真对该方法的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,通过设置多组不同的初始相位分布,进行多轮旋转矢量测试,可有效消除解的二义性,该方法具有可操作性强、对测试系统要求低等优点.     

离散齿谐波传动刚轮齿廓曲线优化设计

基于离散齿谐波传动结构与传动原理,对其传动性能进行分析.基于刚轮齿廓曲线特性与传动性能的关系,建立齿廓曲线优化设计模型.以其齿形压力角最小为优化设计目标,提高传动啮合效率;根据齿廓曲线方程确定优化设计变量,实现齿廓曲线参数最优化;依据其传动特性确定约束条件,以保证实现正常传动.通过实例计算与分析,该方法可以有效减小刚轮齿形压力角,提高传动性能.     

有限姿控能力的低RCS微小卫星姿态实时规划

 为提高在轨微小卫星使用效能及生存能力,提出一种受姿控能源消耗及驱动能力约束的低雷达散射截面（RCS）微小卫星姿态实时规划算法。算法应用曲面像素法、时域有限差分法及假设检验,在三维空间内对微小卫星的RCS及雷达探测水平进行建模,并结合雷达分布模型构建了相应的威胁评估函数及规划代价评估函数。同时,为提高算法的实时性能,采用了粒子群优化(PSO)算法以降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在有限计算量的基础上,算法能够以较小规划代价有效降低卫星威胁方向的RCS及雷达探测概率,满足对微小卫星飞行姿态实时规划的需要。     

MHD Flow Control of Oblique Shock Waves Around Ramps in Low-temperature Supersonic Flows

This article is devoted to experimental study on the control of the oblique shock wave around the ramp in a low-temperature supersonic flow by means of the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) flow control technique. The purpose of the experiments is to take advantage of MHD interaction to weaken the oblique shock wave strength by changing the boundary flow characteristics around the ramp. Plasma columns are generated by pulsed direct current(DC) discharge, the magnetic fields are generated by Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnets and the oblique shock waves in supersonic flow are generated by the ramp. The Lorentz body force effect of MHD interaction on the plasma-induced airflow velocity is verified through particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements. The experimental results from the supersonic wind tunnel indicate that the MHD flow control can drastically change the flow characteristics of the airflow around the ramp and decrease the ratio of the Pitot pressure after shock wave to that before it by up to 19. 66%, which leads to the decline in oblique shock wave strength. The oblique shock waves in front of the ramp move upstream by the action of the Lorentz body force. The discharge characteristics are analyzed and the MHD interaction time and consumed energy are determined with the help of the pulsed DC discharge images. The interaction parameter corresponding to the boundary layer velocity can reach 1. 3 from the momentum conservation equation. The velocity of the plasma column in the magnetic field is much faster than that in the absence of magnetic field force. The plasma can strike the neutral gas molecules to transfer momentum and accelerate the flow around the ramp.     

基于平滑滤波与最小二乘支持向量机的指纹图像识别研究

平滑滤波能抑制或消除噪声,获得高质量的图像。建立了完整的指纹识别系统,通过预处理、特征提取和分类识别3个过程,实现了指纹的分类识别;研究了预处理过程中的滤波增强方法,比较了邻域平均、高斯平滑和中值滤波的处理效果;在识别阶段采用最小二乘支持向量机,进行指纹识别实验,并对实验结果进行了比较。     

计及大迎角失速的直升机旋翼的气动力模拟

为了描述旋翼诱导速度的分布和大小,综合应用动态入流理论和王氏涡流理论,建立了一个适合直升机机动飞行时的入流模型;以叶素理论为基础,采用状态空间表达式的形式,建立起旋翼非定常气动模型,得到了旋翼气动力随桨盘方位角的变化规律,计算结果与参考数据吻合较好;最终针对失速流和深度失速流两种情况,以MATLAB软件为计算平台,求得了在给定输入情况下某型直升机平飞跃升机动过程中的旋翼拉力响应曲线,研究了大迎角情况下的气动载荷,为直升机旋翼的非定常气动力模拟提供了参考.