多传感器检测系统的分布式数据融合

研究分布检测系统中融合中心的多种数据融合方法,如“ａｎｄ”、“ｏｒ”逻辑规则、表决融合方法和基于最小错误准则的最优融合方法,以及带有置信度信息的最优融合方法,分析和比较了采用各种融合方法时检测系统的检测性能,最后通过仿真实例验证了理论推导的正确性,并与集中检测融合方法进行了比较。仿真结果同时表明对各种融合方法传感器增多,信噪比增加,检测系统的性能改善。     

Study on segmented distribution for reliability evaluation

In practice, the failure rate of most equipment exhibits different tendencies at different stages and even its failure rate curve behaves a multimodal trace during its life cycle. As a result, traditionally evaluating the reliability of equipment with a single model may lead to severer errors. However, if lifetime is divided into several different intervals according to the characteristics of its failure rate, piecewise fitting can more accurately approximate the failure rate of equipment. There-fore, in this paper, failure rate is regarded as a piecewise function, and two kinds of segmented dis-tribution are put forward to evaluate reliability. In order to estimate parameters in the segmented reliability function, Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the seg-mented distribution are discussed in this paper. Since traditional information criterion is not suit-able for the segmented distribution, an improved information criterion is proposed to test and evaluate the segmented reliability model in this paper. After a great deal of testing and verification, the segmented reliability model and its estimation methods presented in this paper are proven more efficient and accurate than the traditional non-segmented single model, especially when the change of the failure rate is time-phased or multimodal. The significant performance of the segmented reli-ability model in evaluating reliability of proximity sensors of leading-edge flap in civil aircraft indi-cates that the segmented distribution and its estimation method in this paper could be useful and accurate.     

机场机动区滑行道运行方案设计及仿真评估

我国多跑道机场日益增多,研究此类机场机动区滑行道运行方案的优化设计及评估方法,对促进机场场面资源的集约高效利用具有重要意义。给出多跑道机场机动区滑行道运行方案“固定、单向、顺向、循环”的设计原则,以及面向平行跑道隔离运行场景的“单侧运行”和“双侧运行”滑行道运行方案设计范式;基于“航班备选滑行路径库”和所给滑行道运行方案设计基本原则及范式,两者综合运用开展机动区滑行道运行方案优化。以成都天府国际机场为例,设计三种机动区滑行道备选运行方案,并针对典型的日航班架次采用AirTOp软件进行仿真及量化分析。结果表明：所给多跑道机场机动区滑行道运行方案设计方法有助于缓解航班滑行延误、滑行冲突等待时间以及滑行冲突占比,所给仿真评估方法适用于大航班量下的场面运行方案对比论证。     

民用客机可变弯度机翼优化设计研究

远程宽体客机在实际飞行状态下,机翼变弯度有效减阻能够提升客机性能和飞行品质。以全机配平构型为研究对象,基于襟翼、扰流板偏转建立变弯度模型;采用RANS方程实现阻力的精确求解并建立响应面模型,对不同升力系数、马赫数的多个飞行状态进行变弯度减阻优化;在此基础上,对实际飞行过程中变弯度操作需求及综合减阻性能进行分析,并采用布雷盖公式评估机翼变弯度后全航段综合巡航效率。结果表明：在巡航马赫数飞行时,采用两次变弯度设置即可在较宽的升力系数范围内获得减阻收益;在10 km定高巡航时,机翼变弯度可使整个航段综合减阻1.9 cts,航时、航程提高0.72%;在8和10 km进行一次阶梯巡航,机翼变弯度可使整个航段综合减阻2.9 cts,航时、航程提高1.19%。     

预防性维修任务可执行区间权衡确定方法研究

直接维修成本（DMC）是航空器制造商向运营人进行经济性担保的一项主要参数,是运营阶段监控维修成本的参考比较基准。提出一种兼顾考虑DMC担保值和计划维修要求所列维修间隔的预防性维修任务可执行区间权衡确定方法,分析该方法的数据采集需求,介绍其使用流程,对度量预防性维修任务经济性的指标参数进行定义,进而给出维修任务可执行区间的确定方法。结果表明：该方法能够从经济可承受性的角度确定出每一项预防性维修任务的可执行区间,为航空器运营人整合实施维修任务提供参考,达到控制优化维修成本的目的。     

多维系统测量的误差分析计算

多维系统测量参数众多,系统误差分析比较复杂。本文归纳给出多维系统测量误差分析计算方法措施,并给出算例。     

复合材料机翼结构力学性能仿真与验证研究

随着航空航天技术的发展和轻量化要求,复合材料在机翼上的应用比重日益增大。为研究复合材料机翼结构的力学性能,本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了某型复合材料机翼的有限元模型,结合实际工况对机翼工艺结构进行仿真模拟。研究表明,仿真手段可极大提高研制效率,是机翼研制的有效工具;共固化工艺能够有效减少紧固件数量,进而降低由应力集中带来失效的风险。     

基于MOEA/D的三锥体拦截器气动外形优化设计

针对由临近空间拦截器飞行环境变化剧烈导致的热流密度过高等问题,提出一种多目标外形优化设计方法,并针对一种新型三锥体临近空间拦截器外形进行优化设计。首先,建立飞行器的气动、弹道、气动热等多学科分析模型,利用高斯-伪谱法计算拦截弹道,利用桥函数法建立气动模型,并利用Fay-Riddle方法估计气动热流密度。然后,以飞行器航程、总热流量和飞行时间为优化目标,采用基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)与伪谱法将该问题转化为一组单目标优化子问题,得到Pareto前沿并进行相关分析。最后,给出一个优于基准值,同时满足性能指标要求的新型外形。结果表明:该优化方法具有可实现性,为未来的飞行器设计提供了新思路。     

Influence of thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations

Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly.