现代高效切削刀具对提高制造业竞争力的重大作用

现代高效刀具作为数字化制造系统的最终执行部件,在加工中发挥着"临门一脚"的关键作用.尽管现代高效刀具的价格大大高于传统标准刀具,但由于其优良的性能,使加工质量和效率得到大幅度提高,从而使制造业劳动生产率得到提高且成本有所降低,同时获得了更大的经济效益.     

Future NASA spaceborne SAR missions

Two Earth-orbiting radar missions are planned for the near future by NASA-Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and LightSAR. The SRTM will fly aboard the Shuttle using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) to provide a global digital elevation map. SRTM is jointly sponsored by NASA and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). The LightSAR will utilize emerging technology to reduce mass and life-cycle costs for a mission to acquire SAR data for Earth science and civilian applications and to establish commercial utility. LightSAR is sponsored by NASA and industry partners. The use of IFSAR to measure elevation is one of the most powerful and practical applications of radar. A properly equipped spaceborne IFSAR system can produce a highly accurate global digital elevation map, including cloud-covered areas, in significantly less time and at significantly lower cost than other systems. For accurate topography over a large area, the interferometric measurements can be performed simultaneously in physically separate receive systems. Since LightSAR offers important benefits to both the science community and US industry, an innovative government-industry teaming approach is being explored, with industry sharing the cost of developing LightSAR in return for commercial rights to its data and operational responsibility. LightSAR will enable mapping of surface change. The instrument's high-resolution mapping, along with its quad polarization, dual polarization, interferometric and ScanSAR modes will enable continuous monitoring of natural hazards, Earth's surface deformation, surface vegetation change, and ocean mesoscale features to provide commercially viable and scientifically valuable data products. Advanced microelectronics and lightweight materials will increase LightSAR's functionality without increasing the mass. Dual frequency L/X-band designs have been examined     

超精密定位中的几项相关关键技术

通过结合自已的实际工作，分别从伺服进给机构，位置检测技术，数控及伺服控制等几个方面对超精密机床的定位系统进行了说明     

微颗粒表面磁控溅射镀金属膜实验

采用磁控溅射方法,成功地在微颗粒表面沉积了金属铜膜和金属镍膜.利用光学显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、多功能扫描探针显微镜(SPM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和光电子能谱仪(XPS)等测试仪器对其表面形貌、膜厚和组份进行了表征.重点讨论了不同的沉积条件对薄膜结晶的影响,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其进行了表征.结果表明,溅射镀膜时,通过控制微颗粒的运动方式,可以在微颗粒表面镀上均匀性好、附着力强和致密性好的金属膜.溅射时间越长或溅射功率越大或装载量越少,都有利于薄膜结晶.      

自由虚拟实景空间的构造

使用基于图像的绘制技术构造虚拟实景空间是目前虚拟现实领域研究的热点. 如何扩大自由度是虚拟实景空间需要解决的关键问题.自由虚拟实景空间是能够自由操纵的 虚拟实景空间. 提出同心球拼图的方法构造自由虚拟实景空间,能满足用户在自由漫游时俯 视和仰视的需要.另外在自由虚拟实景空间中引入超链的思想,通过对虚拟空间中虚拟对象 进行有效的组织,为用户提供丰富的空间操纵能力.试验结果表明,用户在自由虚拟实景空 间中能够自由地操纵虚拟空间.      

空间材料Kapton的真空紫外与 原子氧复合效应研究

对空间常用聚合物材料Kapton开展了真空紫外辐射及其与原子氧复合效应的地面模拟试验研究,总结了试验前后试样外观、质量、表面形貌、光学参数和表面成分的变化规律,并对反应机理作了初步的分析.结果表明:在原子氧的作用下,Kapton的剥蚀主要是碳氮等元素的氧化所致.而在真空紫外辐射的作用下,Kapton表面会交联形成大分子,从而提高了试样的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.但是,随着原子氧累积通量的增大,这层大分子会逐渐被剥蚀掉,而真空紫外辐射,对Kapton的原子氧效应试验结果没有影响.      

一种鲁棒性盲水印算法

鲁棒性数字水印特别是盲水印是保护数字作品版权的重要手段.提出一种针对彩色图像的鲁棒性盲数字水印方法.该方法根据灰度图水印信号序列,结合宿主图像DCT(Discrete Cosine Transformation)系数相关性自适应地嵌入水印信号,提取水印时不需要原始宿主图像,可以批量处理,适用在Internet上检测侵权数字作品.实验结果证明该方法对JPEG有损压缩、裁减等处理操作具有较好的鲁棒性.      

复合型雷达吸波材料结构优化设计的数值计算

基于多层复合型雷达吸波材料的设计要求构造了多目标优化的模型,将基本遗传算法(SGA)改进为自适应-混合遗传算法(MAHGA),通过数值计算为多层雷达吸波材料的结构优化提供了依据,依据计算结果制备了多层复合雷达吸波材料并进行了反射率和电磁参数测试实验,实验结果与计算结果吻合较好,复合材料具有良好的吸波性能,在8~18GHz低于-10dB的带宽可达7.8GHz,最大衰减量为-34.6dB,总厚度为3.5mm。     

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取算法

航空图片中的城市建筑物屋顶一般为矩形或平行四边形,能准确而快速地提取矩形,无论在军事上还是民用上都具有非常重要的意义.针对从航空图像中自动提取矩形建筑物目标的问题,提出了一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取方法.首先根据直线提取方法得到的直线特征集生成假设矩形空间,进而采用模糊数学方法进行证据融合得到决策信息,并对生成的假设矩形进行选择与验证,得到矩形目标结构特征.实验结果表明,该算法避免了固定阈值的设定,适应性强,鲁棒性好,有较强的实际应用价值.