快速加热恒应力试验方法的初步研究

短时高温试验是适应现代高速飞行器的发展而建立起来的一种新型的力学性能试验方法。目前已有多种试验方案, 其中快速加热恒应力拉伸试验是在某恒定应力下, 以一定的速率加热试件, 测定合金的应变与温度的关系, 并从而求得材料在试验条件下的屈服温度(通常以引起0.2%的残余应变为准)。本文简要地评述了短时高温试验方法的现状; 介绍了为进行快速加热恒应力拉伸试验而建立的试验装置, 并提供了国产Д16AT及B95AT合金的初步试验数据;最后还对所得数据进行处理和分析。     

智能化VXI总线高性能同步数据采集模件的设计

介绍了一种基于VXI总线的高速隔离智能同步数据采集模件的设计方案 ,分析了主要电路的技术要点和实现方法     

进气径向畸变对燃烧室性能影响研究与预测

针对燃气轮机在实际运行过程中燃烧室进口速度分布不均匀问题,采用数值模拟方法对直流环形燃烧室开展数值模拟计算,分析了不同进气速度畸变位置与畸变强度下燃烧室的流场与温度分布特性,并给出了一种畸变条件下燃烧室性能预测模型。结果表明：不同进气速度径向畸变位置与畸变强度对扩压器内和机匣前段流场形态影响较大,燃烧室空气分配比例改变,温度分布有所差异。燃烧室工况改变对空气分配比例、燃烧效率和总压损失的影响不大。进气速度畸变对燃烧效率影响不大,主要影响到总压损失的变化。随着畸变程度提高,空气分配比例变化明显,总压损失随之增大。进气畸变对燃烧室出口温度分布的影响规律较为复杂,影响程度与进气畸变的不均匀度、畸变形式和工况密切相关,变化范围为-30%～20%。在此基础上,给出了适用于进气径向畸变条件下的燃烧室部件特性预测模型,经验证预测模型的误差在3.5%以下。     

小型弹用涡轮发动机发展综述

小型涡轮喷气和涡轮风扇发动机可为高亚音速、中远程导弹提供理想的巡航动力,是各军事强国竞争的焦点。弹用涡轮发动机具有成本低、寿命短、尺寸小、转速高、增压比低、容积热强度大、起动和点火方式多样等特点,已被广泛应用于巡航、反舰和空地等多种战略与战术导弹。从国内外主要产品及其技术参数、性能与结构基本特点、应用现状、发展趋势等方面,对20世纪70年代以来100~700daN推力范围内弹用涡轮发动机的发展情况进行梳理和分析。指出更低成本、更少油耗和更优结构将是未来导弹推进系统继续追求的目标;螺桨风扇发动机高速性好、耗油率低,脉冲爆震涡轮发动机循环效率高、结构简单,是未来先进弹用涡轮发动机重要的发展方向。     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

气动加热与热响应耦合分析及试验研究

文章介绍了Ma（马赫数）＜6的飞行器典型部位的气动加热与热响应耦合分析及试验验证技术。气动加热计算模块采用的是工程算法,同时将其集成到自主开发的结构有限元三维温度场计算ASTSA软件平台上,实现了气动加热与热响应耦合分析功能。在结构地面热试验方面,成功研发了全方程热流密度PLC控制热模拟试验系统,并利用该系统进行了高速飞行器结构气动加热与热响应耦合地面模拟试验。试验与数值分析的结果对比显示,二者吻合较好,验证了本数值分析方法的正确性。     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

压电悬臂梁智能元数字仿真模型设计及分析

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.     

陀螺经纬仪在大型航天产品精测中的应用

陀螺经纬仪通常是做某一方向与当地大地北向的方位角关系测量用。文章针对“天宫一号”目标飞行器精测中遇到的问题,即高空不同平台间两台设备需要姿态关系测量的需求,通过对陀螺经纬仪测量原理的研究,借助大地坐标系作为中间传递坐标系,解决了经纬仪测量因互瞄被遮挡无法建立基准镜坐标系间关系的问题。测量误差分析结果验证了这种新方法的可行性,该方法可用于大型航天产品设备安装精度的测量。     

Libration point orbits for lunar global positioning systems

With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions. The traditional configuration of constellation requires at least eighteen satellites to cover the whole lunar surface continuously. In this paper, the configurations of the libration point orbits (LPOs) constellations are investigated. By using the constellations on the Earth–Moon _L1$L_1$ and _L2$L_2$ LPOs, the basic functions of the LGPS can be realized by using eight to fourteen satellites. First, the LPO and the combinations of LPOs, which can be used in the constellations of the LGPS, are investigated. The criteria and procedures of the configuration design are introduced. Second, the configurations of LPOs constellations are investigated in the Earth–Moon circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The size of the LPOs and the distribution of the satellites on these LPOs are determined by using an exhaustive algorithm and a global optimization method, respectively. The key performance parameters of these constellations are computed. Third, the constellations with good performance in the CR3BP are redesigned in the more accurate Earth–Moon based Sun-perturbed bicircular four-body problem (B4BP). Moreover, in order to avoid the ground coverage problem caused by the perturbation of the Sun, some modifications are implemented, and the configuration of the no blind area LGPS in the B4BP is obtained.