航天器的数字化总装设计研究

文章总结了航天器数字化总装设计的基本思路、方法和经验，阐明了数字化总装设计所发挥的作用和意义。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Exact multisensor dynamic bias estimation with local tracks

An exact solution is provided for the multiple sensor bias estimation problem based on local tracks. It is shown that the sensor bias estimates can be obtained dynamically using the outputs of the local (biased) state estimators. This is accomplished by manipulating the local state estimates such that they yield pseudomeasurements of the sensor biases with additive noises that are zero-mean, white, and with easily calculated covariances. These results allow evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the sensor bias estimates, i.e., a quantification of the available information about the sensor biases in any scenario. Monte Carlo simulations show that this method has significant improvement in performance with reduced rms errors of 70% compared with commonly used decoupled Kalman filter. Furthermore, the new method is shown to be statistically efficient, i.e., it meets the CRLB. The extension of the new technique for dynamically varying sensor biases is also presented.     

结冰风洞中过冷大水滴云雾演化特性数值研究

为明晰结冰风洞中过冷大水滴（SLD）云雾演化特性,发展了基于欧拉法的SLD液滴运动、传热和传质耦合计算方法,针对3 m×2 m结冰风洞主试验段水平收缩构型,分析了SLD云雾沉降收缩特性、动量平衡特性和热平衡特性,探索了液滴变形破碎的影响,评估了构型出口处SLD液滴动量平衡和热平衡状态。研究结果表明：直径超过250 μm的SLD液滴在构型内会发生显著形变,液滴尺寸越大则变形程度越强,尤其在160 m/s工况下,当液滴直径超过750 μm后,SLD液滴甚至会发生破碎;液滴变形破碎效应会增大液滴加速度和液滴温度下降率,促使SLD液滴趋近动量平衡和热平衡状态;SLD云雾（最大液滴直径小于1 000 μm）在构型出口处会出现显著的粒径浓度分层、动量分层和热分层现象,其中直径小于100 μm的小尺寸液滴速度快、温度低且不断凝结,趋于平衡态,但直径超过500 μm的大尺寸SLD液滴速度慢、温度高且不断蒸发,则显著偏离平衡态;增大试验段气流速度尽管会减弱SLD云雾粒径浓度分层程度,但会增强动量分层和热分层程度,尤其在160 m/s工况下,SLD云雾会均匀分布在构型出口中心区域内（-0.75 m < Y < 0.75 m且-0.5 m < Z < 0.5 m）,与其平衡态间的最大速度差和温度差将分别超过18 m/s和20℃。     

高速公路卓越质量施工管理中六西格玛方法的运用

针对我国高速公路建设实际情况,结合我国高速公路的卓越绩效目标,综合考虑现行管理模式下突显出来的一系列问题,阐述在高速公路质量管理过程中引入六西格玛方法的现实可行性,并以用料和施工为例,提出该方法在高速公路质量管理过程中的具体实施步骤。     

基于FSK的测斜系统电路设计

本文重点阐述了测斜系统井下仪器数据采集单元和数据发送单元电路的设计及井上仪器解调电路的设计，给出了具体的电路设计结果及元器件参数。     

JL8飞机安装XZG—2型综合告警器的质量控制及管理方法

介绍了ＸＺＧ－２型综合告警器质量控制和管理的方法与措施。     

利于减少配平损失的太阳能飞机构型设计

针对具有静稳定性的太阳能飞机一般采用尾翼配平造成气动配平损失的问题,提出了一种“T”构型太阳能飞机。概述该太阳能飞机的总体构型,分析该构型飞机巡航状态下降低重心的自配平原理,建立能量平衡和质量分析模型,给出适合于该构型太阳能飞机的概念设计方法,并优化构型设计参数。结果表明,“T”构型太阳能飞机不仅具有静稳定性,还降低了配平损失。在巡航状态下,“T”构型太阳能飞机单位面积平飞需用功率比常规构型太阳能飞机减少了6.2%,具有明显的应用效果。