电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展新动态

电子设备是各类航空、航天等高新技术装备必不可少的重要组成部分。与机械类设备存在明显退化状态征兆不同，电子设备退化状态无明显的外在表现，尚无有效征兆对其状态进行刻画，对其进行故障预测与健康管理存在一定的困难。针对该问题，梳理了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的基本概念和内涵，介绍了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的国内外研究现状，分析了当前复杂电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术面临的挑战和对策。在此基础上，结合未来复杂电子设备新特点及该领域最新研究进展，从基于间歇故障特征的健康状态表征、面向故障预测与健康管理的测试性设计和多源特征融合的健康状态评估等方面，提出了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展的新方向。     

基于特征模型的Halo轨道维持控制

平动点，尤其是共线平动点轨道在未来深空探测活动中具有重要的应用价值，但由于共线平动点轨道不稳定，运行在其上的航天器在无控情况下将很快偏离标称轨道，因此在实际任务中，轨道维持必不可少。针对地月系L₂点附近的Halo轨道维持问题，首先在圆型限制性三体模型下，利用Richardson三阶近似解析解、微分修正以及打靶法获得了用于维持控制的标称轨道；然后设计了基于特征模型理论的黄金分割控制器用于速度跟踪以及PD控制器用于位置跟踪；最后分别在圆型限制性三体模型和双圆限制性四体模型下进行了仿真分析。结果表明：在两种模型下，位置和速度的跟踪精度分别优于100 m和0.003 m/s，但双圆限制性四体模型下所需总的速度增量比圆型限制性三体模型下所需总的速度增量高一个数量级。     

一种火箭发射场坪流场的环形线汇描述方法

针对火箭发射场坪流场分布规律，基于势流法提出环形线汇描述方法，推导了环形线汇流场的速度势和速度的计算公式，建立了流场的FLUENT仿真模型并进行计算，将环形线汇理论计算结果与仿真结果进行对比。结果表明，不同火箭半径和入口流速对环形线汇和FLUENT仿真两种方法计算结果的相关性没有影响，随着箭井间隙增大，两种方法计算结果的相关度减小；环形线汇方法能够描述发射场坪流场变化趋势，在箭井间隙较小且误差允许时可以作为发射场坪流场的简化描述方法。     

运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。     

VLBI observations to the APOD satellite

The APOD (Atmospheric density detection and Precise Orbit Determination) is the first LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite in orbit co-located with a dual-frequency GNSS (GPS/BD) receiver, an SLR reflector, and a VLBI X/S dual band beacon. From the overlap statistics between consecutive solution arcs and the independent validation by SLR measurements, the orbit position deviation was below 10?cm before the on-board GNSS receiver got partially operational. In this paper, the focus is on the VLBI observations to the LEO satellite from multiple geodetic VLBI radio telescopes, since this is the first implementation of a dedicated VLBI transmitter in low Earth orbit. The practical problems of tracking a fast moving spacecraft with current VLBI ground infrastructure were solved and strong interferometric fringes were obtained by cross-correlation of APOD carrier and DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) signals. The precision in X-band time delay derived from 0.1?s integration time of the correlator output is on the level of 0.1?ns. The APOD observations demonstrate encouraging prospects of co-location of multiple space geodetic techniques in space, as a first prototype.     

靶场测控设备软件质量保障新模式研究

针对靶场测控设备软件运行不稳定、软件中隐含许多问题的现状,研究适合于其开发、维护的新的质量保障模式,提出了软件巡回测试的方法;分析了造成软件问题的原因是研制单位软件研制能力不足、过程管理不规范;研究了软件巡回测试的特点、条件和方法。实践证明,巡回测试是提高测控设备软件健壮性和可靠性的有效方法,周期性的软件巡回测试是一个发现和解决测控设备软件问题的有效质量保障模式。     

面向卫星电源系统的一种新颖异常检测方法

面向卫星电源高维周期性时序遥测数据，提出了一种新颖的代表性特征自编码器（RFAE）模型，并用于无监督的异常检测。RFAE采用改进的堆叠自编码器损失函数和训练算法，从而使模型可以学习到相位相同样本的代表性特征；然后根据代表性特征重构样本，根据重构误差来判断样本是否异常。在试验部分首先通过模拟数据校验了RFAE算法能够有效地检测出高维周期性时序数据的异常，然后又采用某卫星电源系统2014年1~12月真实遥测数据进行试验，RFAE异常检测准确率达到99%，检测效果明显优于目前的其他异常检测算法，具有较高应用价值。     

适应多样化军事任务需要 提高直升机维修保障能力

分析了新形势下直升机在多样化军事行动中的使命任务,总结了目前多样化军事行动中直升机维修保障存在的问题。为适应多样化军事任务需要,提出了提高直升机维修保障能力的措施。     

Space object material identification method of hyperspectral imaging based on Tucker decomposition

Space object material identification method based on Tucker decomposition is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Space target generally has a low spatial resolution because of the limitation in detection distance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can capture the image from visible light to shortwave infrared continuously while providing the spatial and spectral information of the target, thereby introducing a new space target detection and identification approach. However, the data obtained by the HSI system often contain mixed pixels, thereby causing difficulties in target material identification. In this work, a material identification method of hyperspectral data based on Tucker decomposition is proposed by combining mixed spectral theory with tensor decomposition. The feasibility of the method is verified by using satellite model hyperspectral data with different spatial resolutions compared with the endmember obtained from the non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA), tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD). The average CORR of NMF, ICA, t-SVD and the proposed method is 0.2694, 0.5818, 0.6397 and 0.937, correspondingly. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated a more remarkable performance in terms of material identification, the analysis results of the material abundance distribution that used the proposed method.     

Ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field anomalies around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake

The ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field data were analyzed around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The results show that ground electric field anomalies occurred at 3 stations located to the north and south of the epicenter with the amplitude of 3–100 mV/km. The change shapes and their amplitude of ground electric field anomalies are different largely due to their individual underground layer conductivity, water level and so on. The analysis of long time series illustrates that the abnormal geoelectric field started since March 2008. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the ULF waveforms of electric field were collected and processed by wavelet transform method. The disturbances in the ionosphere were about 3–5 mV/m at a frequency band lower than 0.5 Hz. When the ground and space electric field anomalies were compared, their occurrence time and spatial distribution points are consistent with each other, including the long time anomalies from March 2008 and the short term ones 1–2 days before the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, the coupling mechanism was discussed.