一种用于运动目标捕获的行星轮差动式欠驱动臂

为解决运动目标捕获过程中的碰撞问题,采用欠驱动自适应原理研制了具有碰撞能量吸收能力的机械臂。三自由度的机械臂由2个电机驱动:基关节由单个电机驱动;中关节和末关节由一个单输入双输出行星轮组完成动力分配。在机械臂捕获运动目标过程中,碰撞产生的部分冲击能量通过欠驱动行星轮组传递到末关节,转化为关节动能。依靠欠驱动机械系统完成对碰撞的响应,解决了控制系统因时延而无法快速对碰撞进行响应的难题。为完成对目标的抓取,基于阻抗控制提出了机械臂运动目标捕获控制算法。运动目标捕获实验验证了机械臂对碰撞的快速响应能力及运动目标捕获控制算法的可行性。      

宇航员手持式高频冲击采样装置的设计研究

获取具有原态层理信息的月壤剖面样品是我国载人登月人工采样任务的重要目标之一。对比国外地外天体采样技术,提出了一种适合宇航员手持操作的高频冲击式采样装置。采样装置采用高频冲击作用下颗粒的单向运移原理,可保证样品的原态层理信息,降低了采样功耗,提高了取芯率;取芯机构表面的各向异性摩擦形貌增强了颗粒单向运移效果,提高了采样效率;改变冲击频率进行取芯试验,得到了冲击频率与表面形貌对取芯率的影响规律,为我国载人登月人工采样装置的设计研究提供技术参考。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

2009年日食对航天器光照条件影响分析

2009年7月22日,我国长江流域自西向东发生了一次超长时间的日全食。根据日食产生的机制及几何特征,分析了日食对航天器光照条件影响,并给出了典型地球轨道航天器算例。     

热试验中红外热像仪低温测量能力分析及试验验证

文章分析了红外热像仪在航天器热试验中对低温目标的测温能力不足问题,采用红外干扰消减以及分段辐射定标/分段线性函数拟合的方式,初步解决了红外热像仪在真空低温环境下对低温目标的测量受限的问题。文章的研究结果有助于改进红外热像仪在真空低温环境下的非接触温度测量工作。     

人民币汇率制度选择文献综述

人民币汇率制度选择问题一直是我国进行人民币制度建设的核心问题,其关乎着我国货币的主权和金融经济的独立和稳定,更关乎着我国内外经济的均衡和经济的增长。关于人民币汇率制度选择这一命题,国内外学者作了大量的研究,对这些学者的研究成果进行梳理,有助于我们更好地研究人民币汇率制度选择问题,从而整体把握人民币汇率制度。     

制样压应力对显微拉曼光谱法获取碳材料结构参数的影响

为了研究金相制样过程中压应力对获取碳材料拉曼特征参数R的影响,对不同温度处理的碳纤维和树脂碳进行了研究.结果表明,制样过程中的压应力对准确获取碳材料的拉曼特征参数具有一定的影响,尤其是对经过高温处理硬度较小的碳材料的影响更大,造成了碳材料R的增大.建议在制备碳材料的显微拉曼光谱测试试样时采用较小的压应力.     

一种快速Nand Flash垃圾回收策略

为了解决垃圾块回收以及块重新融合再利用过程占用Nand Flash数据I/O操作中大量时间的问题,提出了FTL逻辑块数据流转图概念,并对垃圾回收触发条件、垃圾块选择方法、垃圾回收的过程进行了算法设计,实验表明算法可以提高Nand Flash的平均寿命,缩短IO运行时间。     

考虑侧窗约束的模型预测静态规划末制导方法

针对红外导引头侧窗探测模式下,非对称视场约束造成末制导阶段目标易丢失的问题,提出一种考虑侧窗约束的模型预测静态规划末制导方法。首先,基于体视线坐标系建立三维相对运动模型,得到不依赖于“小攻角”假设的准确模型。在处理无过程约束问题的模型预测静态规划方法基础上,引入松弛变量与虚拟控制量,设计出考虑侧窗视场约束的末制导算法。为了进一步降低末制导算法对初始猜测轨迹的依赖性,提高适应性与计算效率,提出逐步增加约束条件的计算策略。仿真结果表明,该方法在末制导过程中满足侧窗约束,相比于凸优化方法,优化变量减少,计算速度更快;相比于基于障碍李雅普诺夫函数的末制导律,能够满足侧窗约束,同时能适应不同的初始条件。     

一种Ka频段双通道遥测设备的无杆标校方法研究

Ka频段双通道遥测设备的和、差通道存在相位差,并且随环境变化而变化,需要在基带终端通过校相才能实现相位差的校正,最终完成对目标的自主跟踪。在靶场中,以往都是通过架设标校杆进行基带校相,这种方法可以实现相位标校的目的,但是随着遥测设备作战领域已经向深海、高原等区域拓展,受到这些特殊位置环境等对架设标校杆的种种限制。本文重点研究了在高原环境下,不架设标杆校,通过偏馈天线发射信号,实现和、差通道相位零值标定的目的。本文给出了基于偏馈天线的无杆标校原理和方法,并通过实验验证了本文方法的有效性。