Eye light flashes on the Mir space station

The phenomenon of light flashes (LF) in eyes for people in space has been investigated onboard Mir. Data on particles hitting the eye have been collected with the SilEye detectors, and correlated with human observations. It is found that a nucleus in the radiation environment of Mir has roughly a 1% probability to cause an LF, whereas the proton probability is almost three orders of magnitude less. As a function of LET, the LF probability increases above 10 keV/micrometer, reaching about 5% at around 50 keV/micrometer.     

Does the centre of mass remain stable during complex human postural equilibrium tasks in weightlessness?

In normal gravity conditions the execution of voluntary movement involves the displacement of body segments as well as the maintenance of a stable reference value for equilibrium control. It has been suggested that centre of mass (CM) projection within the supporting base (BS) is the stabilised reference for voluntary action, and is conserved in weightlessness. The purpose of this study was to determine if the CM is stabilised during whole body reaching movements executed in weightlessness. The reaching task was conducted by two cosmonauts aboard the Russian orbital station MIR, during the Franco-Russian mission ALTAIR, 1993. Movements of reflective markers were recorded using a videocamera, successive images being reconstructed by computer every 40ms. The position of the CM, ankle joint torques and shank and thigh angles were computed for each subject pre- in- and post-flight using a 7-link mathematical model. Results showed that both cosmonauts adopted a backward leaning posture prior to reaching movements. Inflight, the CM was displaced throughout values in the horizontal axis three times those of pre-flight measures. In addition, ankle dorsi flexor torques inflight increased to values double those of pre- and post-flight tests. This study concluded that CM displacements do not remain stable during complex postural equilibrium tasks executed in weightlessness. Furthermore, in the absence of gravity, subjects changed their strategy for producing ankle torque during spaceflight from a forward to a backward leaning posture.     

中美航空业的互利合作

目前 ,中国有 30多家航空公司 ,中国国际航空公司是中国最大的航空公司 ,其年运量占全国民航的三分之一。自 80年代以来 ,我国航空客、货运周转量年增长率常达到 1 0 %以上 ,有的年份还高于 2 0 % ,迅速发展的中国航空运输业给外国航空工业制造厂家、航空公司在华拓展业务带来了诱人的市场机遇。中国进口美国飞机由来已久 ,早在 30年代东北军将领张学良的坐机即为波音飞机。 1 973年 ,中国购买 1 0架波音 70 7,这是解放后首次购买美国飞机。七十年代末中国改革开放后 ,美国大型飞机制造公司对华技术、设备、整机出口不断扩大 ,中国国际航空…     

人类飞行壮举的回顾与展望

1.引子2 0 0 0年 1月 1日 ,《广州日报》发行了 2 0 0 0版的“新千年纪念特刊”,在 1 90 0～ 1 999科技专版上有一条十分醒目的套红标题 :八大科技成就改变人类生活这 8大科技成就如下 :●飞上蓝天●登上太空●破译基因●电脑问世●电视诞生●互联网络●发现核裂变●克隆风暴在人类发展史上 ,就其活动范围的拓展而言 ,现已进入第 4个里程碑——陆地→海洋→大气层 (航空器活动范畴 )→太空 (航天器活动范畴 )。尽管人类对其自身的起源与演化过程至今仍众说纷纭 ,在漫长的历史长河中 ,2 0世纪也只不过是转眼即逝的一瞬 ,但它的确是人类进入第…     

游标测距数据在导弹事后精度鉴定中的应用

Rockwell公司为奥基丹(Ogden)空军后勤中心对选定的民兵导弹试验飞行进行了精度鉴定。其中一部份工作是对“制导-雷达”斜距比对进行回归分析。一般有六或七部雷达跟踪装有C波段相干应答机的被动段飞行器(PBV)。这些雷达中有几部还能测得距离变化率数据。最近的民兵Ⅲ试验飞行中,Rockwell可以得到联邦电子公司录取的实验性距离游标器磁带。该磁带只记录了一个站的数据,在事后鉴定中与标准的雷达磁带联合使用。本报告以实例叙述了采用游标测距数据的作用。     

保卫航空史研究的旗手

姜长英老先生是当代中国航空史研究的旗手,为此项事业奋斗了一生,取得了伟大的成绩.     

读者之音

一切要从市场出发看了《国际航空》1998年第8期《中国民机工业还当自立自强》一文，深有感触，以下是我对此话题的一些拙见，想与关心中国航空工业的人士共勉。我们在搞市场经济，市场是我们发展任何工业的根本方向。脱离市场，或仅以狭隘的民族自尊心作为发展的基点，最终一定会失败的。本人因工作关系，穿梭于各航空公司之间，也多次造访过几大飞机制造厂，多少了解一些我国航空业实际的市场情况。6月份我在上海东方航空公司时，得知全民航的平均上座率只有43％，东方航空的上座率只有47％，货运业务就更少得可怜。换句话说，平均每架飞机…     

请读一读方先茂的文章——《我国航空界中的一大怪事》读后之一

去年,姚峻同志主编的《中国航空史》在河南出版了,这本来是件好事情,值得庆贺;但有的人.如果不是有眼无珠,就是别有用心了,居然明目张胆地数典忘祖,乱吹牛皮.说什么“遗憾的是我们至今还没有一部自己的《航空史》”“现在《中国航空史》出版了.填补了我国航空事业的一个空白:”(见《中国民航史料通讯》第175期,鲍培德:在《中国航空史》出版座谈会上的讲话)     

Debut Flight Of LM-3C:Launching Tianlian-1 Successfully

FY-3A,the first satellite of China's new generation of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites,was launched into space atop a modified LM-4C launch vehicle.The satellite separated from the rocket 19 minutes after the takeoff.Flying at an altitude of 807km with an inclination of 98.8 degrees,the satellite circles in polar orbit 14 times everyday,covering the whole globe twice a day. FY-3A has a design lifetime of three years.Weighing 2295kg,the three-axis stabilized satellite is equipped with 11 remote s...     

复合材料层板纯剪实验

本文提出一个测量复合材料层板面内剪切性质的方板纯剪试验法。首先对方法的可靠性进行试验检验,然后对两种复合材料层板的剪切行为进行试验。