应用嵌入式H型网格技术计算孤立翼型绕流场

提出一种嵌入式H型网格技术,用于生成孤立翼型和叶栅的计算网格。与传统的H型网格相比,采用嵌入式H型网格时,翼型头部及尾部附近的网格畸变很容易得到控制,有益于提高计算的准确性。      

V字形钝前缘激波反射迟滞现象

针对内转式进气道唇口在宽速域条件下面临的复杂激波干扰问题,将唇口模化为V字形钝前缘,采用数值模拟并辅以风洞实验,研究了典型V字形构型（根部倒圆半径R与前缘钝化半径r之比R/r=1,半扩张角β=18°）激波反射结构随来流马赫数Ma∞的演变过程。结果表明,随着Ma∞的增大或减小,V字形后掠前缘的脱体激波产生规则反射（Regular reflection,RR）和马赫反射（Mach reflection,MR）,并且两者的相互转变过程出现迟滞。初场为RR时,V字形根部产生大范围的流动分离和分离激波;随着Ma∞由5.7逐渐增大至6.5,脱体激波的交点向下游移动并与分离激波的交点重合,使RR转变为MR。初场为MR时,马赫杆下游存在大尺度的反转涡对;随着Ma∞由6.7逐渐减小至5.9,反转涡对不再影响脱体激波,使MR转变为RR。通过Ma∞=6的风洞实验证实,在相同来流条件下存在RR和MR双解。基于对脱体激波交点、分离激波交点和反转涡对尺度随Ma∞变化规律的认识,建立了RR?MR的转变边界。在双解区中,RR工况的壁面压力最大值约为MR工况的2～3倍,表明迟滞现象将导致唇口气动载荷突变。     

并行环境下外挂物动态分离过程的数值模拟

 并行工程的发展提出了计算流体力学的发展新概念,在此基础上研究开发了一个以非定常流计算为核心的多体分离数值仿真集成系统。该系统采用运动嵌套网格方法,能够处理飞行器在空间中的大尺度运动,结合六自由度运动学方程,具有实时仿真运动部件在气动力、弹射力和重力等耦合作用下运动的能力。基于外挂物投放数值模拟具有网格运动、非定常的特点,从网格重建、多重网格方法等方面探索了提高计算效率的途径和实现方法,结合并行化计算使分析周期大大缩短。以20个中央处理器(CPU)为例,并行计算和3层多重网格使计算速度提高约40倍,同时分布式存储、并发计算的特点缓解了对单节点的内存需求,解决了工程应用中受计算周期、网格规模等限制的难题。为了验证本文方法的正确性,对外挂物投放标模实验进行了数值仿真,计算得到的外挂物运动轨迹在0.5 s时间范围内与实验值基本吻合;对分离过程后半段出现的偏差,从气动力变化的时间历程上进行了说明,提出偏航力矩的误差和累积效应导致了预测出现偏离,对关键的分离初始阶段,该方法可以取得令人满意的效率和精度。     

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能研究进展

现代燃烧室由于富油燃烧-快速焠熄-贫油燃烧技术和贫油预混燃烧技术导致其出口具有非均匀温度（热斑）分布、强旋流和高湍流度的流动特征,显著影响燃烧室下游高压涡轮级的气热性能。先进高压涡轮级气热性能分析和冷却设计越发依赖于燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下交界面的气热参数非均匀分布特征。论文阐述了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用机理。介绍了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能研究的代表性实验台和数值方法。分别综述了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下热斑、热斑和旋流、旋流和湍流度对高压涡轮级气热性能的影响特性。给出了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级的气热性能分析及不确定性量化的研究现状。总结了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能的研究成果。展望了非均匀气热参数分布条件下高压涡轮级气热性能可靠性分析和鲁棒性设计需要更加深入研究的方向,为适应先进航空发动机的燃烧室和涡轮一体化设计需求提供参考。     

液体火箭发动机端面密封用石墨材料内部缺陷检测工艺方法

介绍了石墨材料的制造工艺和缺陷类型,并结合液体火箭发动机端面密封的工作特性,阐明了端面密封用石墨材料内部缺陷检测的必要性。对目前通用的无损检测方法进行了对比分析,确定了适用于液体火箭发动机端面密封用石墨材料内部缺陷的X射线检测方法,并对X射线检测过程中图像灰度、对比度、电压、电流、滤片及积分时间等关键工艺参数的影响因素进行了对比分析,确定了石墨材料内部缺陷检测的工艺参数设置准则及高精度检测方法,实现了石墨材料内部孔隙的可视化仿真分析,并提出了一种基于图像处理的石墨材料气孔率统计计算方法,最终建立了液体火箭发动机端面密封用石墨材料内部典型缺陷的特征标样。     

Performance assessment of real-time multi-GNSS integrated PPP with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined observables

For precise position services, the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technology. The real-time PPP performance is expected to be improved by multi-system combination. The performance of real-time multi-system PPP needs to be periodically investigated, with the increasing number of available satellites and the continuously improved quality of real-time precise products of satellite clocks and orbits. In this study, a comprehensive performance assessment is conducted for the four-system integrated real-time PPP (FSIRT-PPP) with GPS, BDS, Galileo and GLONASS in both static and kinematic modes. The datasets from 118 stations spanning approximately a month are used for analysis, and the real-time stream CLK93 is employed. The superior performance of FSIRT-PPP is validated by comparing with the results of GPS/BDS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS, GPS-only, BDS-only, Galileo-only and GLONASS-only cases. The FSIRT-PPP using ionospheric-free (IF) combined observables can achieve a convergence time of 10.9, 4.8 and 11.8 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 cm in the static mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively, while the derived statistic is 15.4, 7.0 and 16.4 min, and 1.6, 1.2 and 3.4 cm in the kinematic mode in the three directions, respectively. Moreover, we also compare the position solutions of real-time PPP adopting IF combined and uncombined (UC) observables, and prove the mathematical equivalence between the two PPP models in the converged stage, provided that there are no external ionospheric corrections or constraints given to the estimated ionospheric delays in the UC model. The difference between the fully converged positioning accuracy of IF-based and UC-based real-time PPP is marginal, but the UC-based real-time PPP has longer convergence time due to the influence of the significant unmodeled time-varying errors in the real-time precise products as well as the different parameterization between them. For completeness, the real-time kinematic PPP results in harsh environments and the post-processed PPP results are also presented.     

模因论在大学英语写作教学中的运用

通过介绍模因论的相关理论,指出模因论在大学英语写作教学中的作用,分析模因论在大学英语写作教学中的实施步骤,并提出实施过程中教师与学生应注意的问题.