薄板坯连铸结晶器电磁制动的数值模拟

依据电磁流体力学理论,建立二维数学模型,使用交错网格及数值分析方法,分析了薄板坯结晶器在恒定磁场作用下钢水流动特性并考虑了湍流的影响。     

涡轮性能实验研究

对液体火箭发动机主涡轮的性能试验进行了介绍。主要包括涡轮性能吹风试验系统的配置、模拟试验参数的选择、性能换算方法的确定和试验数据的处理方法。同时对热试车后涡轮性能的计算也作了介绍,并将热试结果与模拟试验结果进行了对比,肯定了模拟试验的正确性。最后就实际应用中的一些问题进行了分析。     

LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

基于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法

对于翼型气动隐身设计问题,设计变量的配置对设计结果影响很大,而简单地增加设计变量不能保证得到理想的结果。提出一种适用于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法：利用全局敏感性分析方法——基本效应法,得到设计空间关于目标函数的敏感区域信息,并以此为根据增加设计变量;利用节点插入算法将低维样本在高维空间内进行重构,避免了重新取样的工作量。相对于传统固定设计空间维度方法,自适应参数化方法在设计空间的敏感区域扩展维度,能够更加精准地描述外形并反映目标的变化趋势。通过飞翼布局翼型的气动隐身优化算例,证实自适应参数化方法可以大幅提高优化设计质量和效率。     

航空发动机主轴疲劳寿命预测方法研究

对航空发动机主轴疲劳寿命分析多采用斯贝MK202发动机应力标准EGD-3中提供的方法。本文以某涡轮轴为对象,基于EGD-3方法,分别采用通过查表和有限元法计算得到的应力集中系数进行寿命估算,并利用应力修正系数法对主轴低周疲劳寿命分析,并将结果与传统名义应力法计算结果对比。结果表明：运用应力修正系数法估算主轴低周疲劳寿命结果与EGD-3查表结果相当,是可行的;在高低周载荷下,使用有限元法计算应力集中系数的EGD-3方法计算的主轴疲劳寿命更符合实验结果。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料夹芯气孔缺陷研究

在介绍了泡沫塑料成型机理与过程的基础上，重点研究了模塑成型的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料夹芯上气孔缺陷的类型及产生原因，指出可从发泡原料组分、发泡工艺及模塑型腔设计等方面采取措施来显著减轻夹芯气孔缺陷。     

随钻用光纤陀螺惯导系统振动误差建模与辨识

随钻振动工作环境下,针对惯导系统传统的线性器件误差模型不能适用于线振动工作环境的问题,提出了适用于振动条件下的高阶器件误差模型。通过分析二次项误差在静止与振动状态下的误差传播特性,得出加速度计二次项误差为线振动中主要误差项,建立包含加速度计二次项误差的36阶Kalman滤波器。与传统33阶误差模型相比,36阶误差模型可以有效分离和辨识器件误差。最后,在线振动状态下进行导航验证。结果表明,补偿了二次项误差之后的导航误差得到了大幅优化,速度误差由50m/s减小至2.2m/s,位置误差由90000m减小至2000m,姿态误差由0.7°减小至0.01°。     

Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

考虑磨损后含间隙指向机构运动特性

为了提高空间指向机构磨损寿命的预测精度,克服传统静态磨损寿命预测的缺陷,计及间隙、摩擦磨损耦合因素,以实现机构关节动态磨损的精确预测,并对综合考虑间隙、摩擦磨损等因素的空间二维指向机构动力学问题和磨损问题进行了研究。采用牛顿 欧拉法,将间隙变量嵌入动力学模型,构建含间隙二维指向机构的动力学模型。基于Archards磨损模型,找到运动副接触面不同位置处的磨损深度,重构运动副表面形貌,并对磨损前后含间隙指向机构的动态特性进行分析,得到了关节处接触碰撞力和切向摩擦力的变化规律;采用动态拟合变量法和离散处理法分别对含间隙运动副内部间隙与接触力间、运行时间与相对滑移速度间的对应关系进行拟合,并建立了动态磨损数学模型;进一步预测了二维指向机构在跟踪模式、调姿模式下的运行时间分别为1259192h、76444h。研究工作为二维指向机构的本体设计、制造与应用奠定基础。