航空发动机推力测量台架原理误差分析

为研究影响航空发动机推力测量台架系统原理误差的因素及作用,针对发动机弹簧片支撑式推力测量台架,以推力偏心假设为基础建立其力学模型,采用理论分析和仿真验证相结合的方法对某试车台架进行原理误差分析.在给定条件下,台架在竖直平面和水平面内的角偏心远小于推力角偏心,并不会对推力测量造成显著影响,台架结构变形引起的角偏心也很小.相比之下,原理误差影响最大的因素依次为推力角偏心、热变形和弹阻力,原理误差分别为0.38％、0.16％和0.04％,应加以控制.当推力偏心量造成的原理误差不能满足精度指标时,需采用原位加载系统或者矢量推力测量台架来评估.     

后掠翼三维鼓包串激波控制参数的影响

针对跨声速后掠翼,三维鼓包串作为一种有效的减阻方式具有结构简单、高效及鲁棒性好等优点.利用全局优化算法探索了鼓包设计参数空间的整体特性,并对鼓包长度、三维鼓包展向设计参数对鼓包减阻效果的影响进行了研究,发现鼓包顶点位置和高度对阻力系数最敏感,三维鼓包的展向设计参数则对阻力系数不敏感,而鼓包长度和鼓包相对展长越长越有利于减阻.在此基础上开展了小后掠角自然层流机翼加3种不同类型鼓包串的优化研究,通过优化结果发现,增加优化后的三维鼓包串,可将小后掠角自然层流机翼阻力发散马赫数向后推移,并且鼓包平均长度和控制区越大,效果越好.三维鼓包串具有良好的局部控制特性,可用于局部较强激波的抑制.三维鼓包串对常规后掠翼波阻具有良好的控制效果,同时能够抑制激波诱导的机翼后缘气流分离.      

基于响应面近似技术的平流层飞艇协同设计优化

针对平流层飞艇多学科设计优化问题,引入协同优化算法,分析基于响应面近似模型的协同优化方法CO/RSA的执行步骤和特点,并介绍响应面近似模型的构建方法;建立平流层飞艇各学科模型,并对学科间耦合关系进行分析;运用建立的气动/推进、结构、能源三个耦合子系统的学科分析模型和系统优化模型,以平流层飞艇总质量最小为优化目标,综合考虑浮重、推阻和能源平衡,采用CO/RSA方法对平流层飞艇进行设计优化.结果表明:所建立的平流层飞艇的MDO模型是合理的,CO/RSA算法应用于飞艇总体设计优化是有效的,研究结果可为平流层飞艇方案论证和方案设计提供参考.     

气氧/煤油富燃燃气发生器燃烧试验研究

为了研究航天煤油的富燃燃烧特性,设计了一个气氧/煤油富燃燃气发生器,并进行了室压范围1~4MPa、混合比范围0.25~0.52的燃烧试验,获得了混合比和室压对特征速度、燃气温度及燃烧效率的影响规律。试验结果表明,采用火花塞点火方式可以实现该燃气发生器在高度富燃条件下的可靠点火;在本文研究范围内,试验测得的特征速度和燃气温度明显低于化学平衡理论预测值,燃烧效率介于63.9%~88.3%之间。混合比是特征速度、燃气温度及燃烧效率的最大影响因素,室压的影响远小于混合比。燃烧效率与实际燃气温度与理论燃气温度比值的平方根成正比。     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

商用飞机驾驶舱造型设计特征研究

介绍了国内外商用飞机驾驶舱设计的历史及现状,在分析多类飞机驾驶舱造型设计图片资料的基础上,探讨主要飞机制造商驾驶舱造型设计的特征。依据驾驶舱造型的相似性,对国际上12家商用飞机制造商的66款机型的驾驶舱进行聚类分析和多维尺度分析,挑选出10款有代表性的驾驶舱。在提取代表性驾驶舱造型特征线后,分析主要飞机制造商的驾驶舱造型设计特点及差异,为新型飞机驾驶舱造型设计提供参考。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

考虑流固耦合作用的一维供应管路-喷嘴系统动力学特性

为了更加深入地研究供应管路-喷嘴系统的动态特性,在喷嘴动力学理论的基础上,建立了考虑供应管路流固耦合作用的传递矩阵组合计算模型。针对三种典型液体火箭发动机喷嘴与一维供应管路组成的系统,开展了两端固定边界的系统动力学特性数值模拟。结果表明:管路结构谐振与管内流体谐振所导致的喷嘴出口位置流体速度振荡量级相当,管路流固耦合作用对系统动态特性的影响不能忽略;管路结构谐振是造成其固定位置应力的频率响应幅值较高的主要因素;当流体与结构的谐振频率接近时,会产生一个大带宽、高幅值的应力耦合振荡区间,随着管壁厚度的增大,耦合振荡的带宽也随之增大;对于文中算例,流固耦合作用对流体谐振造成的系统振荡具有约5%的降频作用。