N,N,N'',N''-四炔丙基-4,4''-二氨基-二苯甲烷的热固化反应及其固化产物的热稳定性研究

初步研究了N，N，N’，N’-四炔丙基-4，4’-二氨基-二苯甲烷（TPDDM）的热固化反应。通过DSC分析其固化行为特征。FT-IR观察了它固化过程中特征官能团变化，对比了其在空气中和氮气中固化行为的差异，发现在空气中固化产物出现1733cm^-1的峰，推断是被氧化所致，并通过DSC和FT-IR确定了固化条件。利用TGA技术考察了该固化产物在空气中和氮气中的热稳定性。结果表明：在空气中固化产物起始失重率为5％的分解温度为414．4℃，高于在氮气中的392．8℃。TPDDM的固化产物在氮气中700℃残碳率为53．9％，在空气中全部分解。     

进气总压总温畸变对压气机稳定性的影响

本文对 Melick提出的进口总压周向稳态畸变对压气机稳定性裕度损失的估算方法作了改进 ,并加以推广应用于进口总温周向稳态畸变的情况。在此基础上 ,本文提出了总温和总压组合畸变下压气机稳定性裕度损失的预测方法。以某型双轴涡喷发动机为例作了某些具体的计算。     

导弹落点密集度的序贯截尾决策

利用后退归纳法讨论了截尾情况下导弹落点密集度的序贯决策方案 ,给出了确定最优停时的一般方法 ,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性     

高速再入飞行器的变结构控制及其六自由度仿真研究

针对高速再入飞行器模型的快时变、强耦合及严重非线性的特点 ,采用变结构控制方法设计了自动驾驶仪 ;同时 ,采用最优化设计理论与理想速度曲线相结合的方法 ,设计了能同时保证末端制导精度及速度方向、大小的制导律。最后 ,进行了系统六自由度仿真 ,结果表明 :本文设计的制导律及控制方案合理、有效 ,易于实现     

分形几何学在自然景物计算机模拟中的应用初探

讨论了计算机图形学中的一个重要分支——自然景物计算机模拟中常用的几种分形方法.fBM方法、IFS方法、L-System方法等.利用以上方法,建立一些描述具体自然对象的数学模型,成功地模拟了山峦、树木、树叶和蕨类等自然景物.文中还给出了生成自然景物的一些算法,并显示了一些生成的图片.     

Characterizing slope correction methods applied to satellite radar altimetry data: A case study around Dome Argus in East Antarctica

Slope correction is important to improve the accuracy of satellite radar elevation measurements by mitigating the slope-induced error (SE), especially over uneven ground surfaces. Although several slope correction methods have been proposed, guidance in the form of stepwise algorithm on how to implement these methods in processing radar altimetric data at the coding level, and the differences among these methods need to be presented and discussed systematically. In this paper, three existing types of slope correction methods—the direct method (DM), intermediate method (IM), and relocation method (RM, further divided into RM1 and RM2)—are described in detail. In addition, their main differences and features for various scientific applications are analyzed. We conduct a systematic experiment with CryoSat-2 Low Resolution Mode (LRM) data in a physically stable area around Dome Argus in East Antarctica, where in-situ measurements were available for comparison. The slope correction is implemented separately using the three methods, with the latest high-accuracy Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) as the a-priori topography model. The bias and precision of the slope-corrected CryoSat-2 data results from the RM2 is ?0.18 ± 0.86 m based on the comparison with the field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The results from the RM2 indicate higher precision compared to those from the RM1. According to the correlation analysis of the slope-corrected CryoSat-2 data results (RM1 and RM2), the bias enlarges and the precision becomes worse when the surface slope increases from 0 to 0.85°. After a comprehensively comparative analysis, we find that the results from the RM1 and RM2 are superior in precision (0.93 m and 0.86 m) with respect to the GNSS data. The relatively low precision (1.22 m) from the IM is due to the potential error from the a-priori digital elevation model (DEM). The DM has the lowest precision (2.66 m). Another experiment over rough topography in West Antarctica is carried out for comparison, especially between the RM1 (precision of 15.27 m) and RM2 (precision of 16.25 m). In general, the RM is recommended for the SE elimination among the three methods. Moreover, the RM2 is firstly considered over smooth topography due to the superior performance in bias and precision, while the RM1 is more suggested over the rough topography because of the slightly smaller bias and better precision. The IM relies much on the accuracy of the a-prior DEM and is not usually recommended, because of the strict requirement in the sampling time between the radar altimetry data and the a-priori DEM to avoid any surface change over time.     

Progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms for aerodynamic problems

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are useful tools in design optimization. Due to their simplicity, ease of use, and suitability for multi-objective design optimization problems, EAs have been applied to design optimization problems from various areas. In this paper we review the recent progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms to solve real-world aerodynamic problems. Examples are given in the design of turbo pump, compressor, and micro-air vehicles. The paper covers the following topics that are deemed important to solve a large optimization problem from a practical viewpoint: (1) hybridized approaches to speed up the convergence rate of EAs; (2) the use of surrogate model to reduce the computational cost stemmed from EAs; (3) reliability based design optimization using EAs; and (4) data mining of Pareto-optimal solutions.     

微小型飞行器的神经网络动态逆控制方法

微小型飞行器(MAV)精确的数学模型很难得到,限制了单纯动态逆控制方法的使用,比例-积分-微分(PID)等传统的控制方法已不能满足要求。针对这一问题,研究了应用动态逆控制方法的新途径──神经网络动态逆。选取串接积分器的多层前向神经网络训练飞行控制系统的动态逆模型,并自适应补偿逆误差。用MATLAB的NNCTRL20工具箱并结合NNSYSID20工具箱建立了仿真系统。升降舵和方向舵联合控制转弯。用PID控制器、近似神经网络动态逆模块、在线神经网络补偿器构建了飞行控制系统。仿真结果表明,神经网络动态逆有较强的鲁棒性、稳定性和指令跟随能力,比PID更适合于微小型飞行器的姿态控制。     

基于模糊神经网络的软件可靠性早期预计方法

在基于模糊神经网络的基础上,提出了一种新的软件可靠性早期预计方法.通过分析软件缺陷产生的原因,给出了导致软件缺陷产生的因素.同时,深入讨论了软件可靠性早期预计的建模方法.在此基础上,利用模糊神经网络建立了软件可靠性早期预计的模型,并且给出了具体的步骤.      

Tunable Electromagnetic Cloaking by External Field

Electromagnetic cloaking based on the scattering cancellation method have been reviewed. The possibility of designing the tunable electromagnetic cloaking is analytically suggested with a single cloak composed of homoge- neous materials, including semiconductor, superconductor, ferrite and ferroelectrics by using Mie scattering theo- ry. The simulated results demonstrate that the cloaks with these homogeneous materials can drastically reduce the total scattering cross sections of the cloaked system by using the finite element method. These cloaking frequencies can be controlled by external field through tuning the permittivity or permeability of these materials by the applied field, such as temperature, magnetic field and electric field. These may provide some potential ways to design tunable cloaking with considerable flexibility.