Effect of matching between the magnetic field and channel length on the performance of low sputtering Hall thrusters

Discharge characteristics of a non-wall-loss Hall thruster were studied under different channel lengths using a design based on pushing a magnetic field through a double permanent magnet ring. The effect of different magnetic field intensities and channel lengths on ionization, efficiency, and plume divergence angle were studied. The experimental results show that propellant utilization is improved for optimal matching between the magnetic field and channel length. While matching the magnetic field and channel length, the ionization position of the neutral gas changes. The ion flow is effectively controlled, allowing the thrust force, specific impulse, and efficiency to be improved. Our study shows that the channel length is an important design parameter to consider for improving the performance of non-wall-loss Hall thrusters.     

A method of estimating GPS instrumental biases with a convolution algorithm

This paper presents a method of deriving the instrumental differential code biases (DCBs) of GPS satellites and dual frequency receivers. Considering that the total electron content (TEC) varies smoothly over a small area, one ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and four more nearby IPPs were selected to build an equation with a convolution algorithm. In addition, unknown DCB parameters were arranged into a set of equations with GPS observations in a day unit by assuming that DCBs do not vary within a day. Then, the DCBs of satellites and receivers were determined by solving the equation set with the least-squares fitting technique. The performance of this method is examined by applying it to 361?days in 2014 using the observation data from 1311 GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) receivers. The result was crosswise-compared with the DCB estimated by the mesh method and the IONEX products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). The DCB values derived by this method agree with those of the mesh method and the CODE products, with biases of 0.091?ns and 0.321?ns, respectively. The convolution method's accuracy and stability were quite good and showed improvements over the mesh method.     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

小型BVA 石英谐振器的研制

传统的BVA石英谐振器在老化率和Q值方面具有优良的性能,但其体积大,抗振可靠性较差,限制了其推广和应用。本文介绍了一种新结构的BVA石英谐振器,通过优化电容片和石英晶片的结构设计,研制出更小尺寸的异型石英晶片和电容片,整个小型BVA谐振器的尺寸减小到HC-40/U,性能指标与传统BVA石英谐振器相当,同时具有较高的抗振可靠性。     

深空测控网干涉测量系统在“鹊桥”任务中的应用分析

在"嫦娥4号"任务的第一阶段—"鹊桥"阶段,北京航天飞行控制中心利用佳木斯及喀什深空站对"鹊桥"进行了干涉测量观测,获取了实时与事后的高精度测角观测量,有效支持了任务的实施。两深空站需同时完成测控任务,无法交替射电源观测来进行系统差标校,基于此系统采用了长时间隔、在航天器观测前及双站结束后观测射电源的标校方法,在地月转移段、月球至L2转移段、Halo轨道形成段开展了多次干涉测量观测,所获得的时延、时延率结果直接应用于事后联合轨道确定,结果表明:深空网的时延观测精度约为3 ns。     

静压气浮直驱转台热特性

以开发满足精密工程应用的静压气浮直驱转台为目标,研究静压气浮直驱转台结构的热稳定性.首先,分析了静压气浮直驱转台的发热-传热特性,建立了三维热特性有限元模型,计算了气浮直驱转台的温度场云图;用间接耦合的分析方法,将温度场作加载条件,进行转台热-结构耦合分析;然后,对比研究了两种直驱电机安置结构对转台热稳定性的影响,提出了静压气浮直驱转台的空气强制对流冷却方案;最后,完成了无框力矩电机后置式静压气浮直驱转台的温度场检测实验.实验结果表明,静压气浮直驱转台测试点的计算与实测温度的最大误差为1.93 ℃,稳态温度场分布计算精度较高;温度分布稳态时,气浮转台止推轴承气膜单侧间隙的变化量为0.55 μm,在空气轴承气膜设计允许的波动范围内,对轴承性能不产生明显的影响.电机后置式直驱静压气浮转台结构的热稳定性好,适合工业应用.     

利用非等距灰色理论方法判定失效机理一致性

针对加速失效机理一致性判定中存在以下问题,基于数据处理和试验观察的方法需要加速试验数据和基于灰色理论的方法需要预试验数据等间距且预测精度不高,提出了一种基于非等距型灰色理论模型的失效机理一致性判定方法.该方法利用非等距的预试验数据,将非等距GM（1,1）模型和等维新息模型相结合,得出模型的残差,找出预试验数据的趋势改变点.通过对比试验,得出此方法的拟合精度和预测精度较高,进一步拓广了GM（1,1）模型在失效机理一致性判定上的应用范围.通过在光电编码器和加速度计中的应用案例,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于STF和加权改进的群目标跟踪算法

为了进一步提高群目标交互多模型跟踪算法的估计性能,提出一种改进的群跟踪算法.首先,通过采用模型转换概率的自适应算法,优化模型与目标运动模式的实时匹配.并通过引入强跟踪滤波（STF,Strong Tracking Filter）中的渐消因子,提高机动阶段时的群质心的状态估计精度.其次,分别利用概率加权法和标量加权法完成群质心状态和扩展状态的融合估计.最后在变分贝叶斯滤波的基础上,建立完整的跟踪算法流程.仿真实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够提高群质心状态和扩展状态的估计精度,还能有效降低机动阶段时的峰值误差.