High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

面向快速响应产品的星上目标定位及识别方法

针对遥感卫星星上目标的定位及识别,本文面向快速响应应用需求,首先对星上目标定位及识别工作模式进行研究,总结出狭义和广义两种模式,其次重点对像方-物方坐标双向定位算法进行梳理,并针对典型地物目标星上自动识别算法提出研究思路,最后给出算法的应用方法流程。本文研究为快速响应产品星上智能处理提供方法参考。     

模糊自组织网络在刀具磨损状态监测中的应用(英文)

应用模糊逻辑和无教师自组织神经网络进行车削过程刀具磨损状态监测.根据典型切削条件组合建立由多个子网络组成的自组织网络阵列,其中每一子网络对应一种典型切削条件,并进行训练.对于具体切削条件,运用模糊逻辑技术选取对应的优化子网络.文中所建名为Fuzzy-SOM-TWC监测系统的运行基于加工过程实时采集的切削力、声发射以及电机电流信号.切削实验用于训练和检验监测系统,实验结果显示其对于刀具磨损状态的识别正确率可达到98%-100%.     

两自由度球面并联机构动力学分析(英文)

运用旋量理论的方法推导出两自由度球面并联机构的速度、加速度解析表达式,在此基础上依据虚功原理和旋量的互易积形式建立了该机构的动力学模型,得到了两驱动电机的驱动转矩方程.通过对动力学模型的变换,获得了动力学方程的形位空间模式及相关系数.通过一个实例表明,动力学方程中的惯性系数和重力项占有的比重较大,而哥氏力系数和离心力系数占有的比重较小,他们在数值上相差一个数量级.但是否可以忽略后者需要判断速度的大小,只有当机构运动速度较小时才可以将哥氏力和离心力忽略.     

旋转摩擦挤压合金化制备Ti-Al金属间化合物工艺研究

采用显微硬度(HV)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了旋转摩擦挤压合金化制备的Ti-Al金属间化合物.结果表明:通过旋转摩擦挤压法可制备出Al3Ti相Ti-Al金属间化合物;当搅拌棒的旋转速度为750r/min时,可提高Ti的反应程度,有利于反应的进行,并可获得成分分布均匀的Ti-Al金属间化合物.经过750r/min、23.5mm/min的旋转摩擦挤压5道次后,Ti的反应程度达78.96%,合金化区域的平均显微硬度在90HV左右.     

含水乙醇等离子体重整制氢中乙醇裂解的关键路径模拟

建立了数学模型,把含水乙醇等离子体重整制氢体系中的主要化学反应,归结为各物种浓度的常微分方程组的初值问题来求解,计算方法选用Ode113法,在假定的几种不同乙醇裂解关键路径下分别得到了几种主要产物随停留时间的变化规律,并将模拟结果与前期实验结果进行了对比.结果表明:乙醇等离子体重整制氩中乙醇分子4种化学键的断裂具有同等机会.     

深基坑支护——土钉墙的应用

介绍了土钉墙的基本原理和应用范围，通过土钉墙在南方某地铁车站的具体实例，说细介绍了土钉墙的施工工艺及施工方法，总结了土钉墙在应用中常见的问题及处理措施。     

组合式三相逆变器负载特性的分析与研究

分析了组合式三相逆变器，该逆变器三相分别独立控制，易实现功率器件的软开关、无输出变压器的三相四线制输出和模块化的结构；具体分析了影响该三相逆变器输出电压不平衡度的因素，讨论了其带对称与不对称负载的特性，着重分析了不对称负载对每个单相逆变器的影响，得到了组合式三相逆变器中单模块设计与普通单相逆变器的不同点，并给出了实验数据和相应波形。实验结果表明，组合式三相逆变器具有良好的带不平衡负载的能力和优良的电气性能。     

快速可重构信息系统的框架研究(英文)

变化和重构是快速可重构信息系统 (RRIS)的两个核心概念 ,RRIS对变化的适应或演化能力使它优于传统信息系统。本文首先提出 RRIS的体系结构 ,然后以 RRIS框架为重点 ,讨论框架的定义、分类及设计 ,研究框架的构成、构成元素 (业务构件 )的设计及构件如何在构架的组织下协调地安插在 CORBA的软总线上 ,实现类似硬件IC的即插即用。构件在框架上即插即用的灵活机制及热点构件 (反映变化 )的灵活运用 ,提高了框架的可扩展性、可定制性 ,从而提高了 RRIS适应变化的可重构性。