中国星载CCD相机控温仪性能比较

星载CCD相机热设计中的主动控温加热器一般由控温仪来完成自动控制。中国卫星普遍采用的控温仪是常规电子开关型控温仪和智能型控温仪,文章对这两种控温仪的性能进行了多个方面的比较。     

雷暴——航空飞行的天敌

2005年10月23日(当地时间22日晚),尼日利亚贝尔韦尤航空公司的一架B737—200型客机从拉各斯飞往首都阿布贾时,飞机起飞3分钟后就在空中爆炸坠毁,飞机上110名乘客和6名机组人员全部遇难,其中包括数名政府高级官员。据尼日利亚官方报道和当地村民目击者说,飞机是在一个非常强的雷     

浅谈民舫飞行空管导航与机场灯光设施

随着科学技术的迅速发展和人民生活水平的提高，民用航空已成为人们出行和旅游的主要交通方式之一。飞机的迅速、舒适和安全，使人们真正实现了“天涯若比邻”。众所周知，轮船在大海上航行，依靠雷达和航标灯的引导和船长精确的指挥，才会安全到达彼岸。飞机在天空中飞行，更离不开空中交通管制（简称空管，下同）、通信导航台和机场地面灯光的引导。     

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

含水乙醇等离子体重整制氢中乙醇裂解的关键路径模拟

建立了数学模型,把含水乙醇等离子体重整制氢体系中的主要化学反应,归结为各物种浓度的常微分方程组的初值问题来求解,计算方法选用Ode113法,在假定的几种不同乙醇裂解关键路径下分别得到了几种主要产物随停留时间的变化规律,并将模拟结果与前期实验结果进行了对比.结果表明:乙醇等离子体重整制氩中乙醇分子4种化学键的断裂具有同等机会.     

快速可重构信息系统的框架研究(英文)

变化和重构是快速可重构信息系统 (RRIS)的两个核心概念 ,RRIS对变化的适应或演化能力使它优于传统信息系统。本文首先提出 RRIS的体系结构 ,然后以 RRIS框架为重点 ,讨论框架的定义、分类及设计 ,研究框架的构成、构成元素 (业务构件 )的设计及构件如何在构架的组织下协调地安插在 CORBA的软总线上 ,实现类似硬件IC的即插即用。构件在框架上即插即用的灵活机制及热点构件 (反映变化 )的灵活运用 ,提高了框架的可扩展性、可定制性 ,从而提高了 RRIS适应变化的可重构性。     

基于主从控制模式的铺带机控制技术

针对某型号工程大型复合材料筒段成型需求,以通用缠绕机为平台,提出一种基于主从式控制系统的专用自动铺带机系统方案.在分析铺带机控制功能的基础上,以西门子802C为主控制系统和PMAC为从控制系统构建了数控系统;为实现主从式控制系统间开关量协同控制,研制了主从系统间协同控制的PLC程序模块.经过实验验证,此控制系统完全满足实时性的控制要求.     

Ni3Al(Zr)合金的高温环境脆性

Ni3Al(Zr)合金在700～1 050°C之间存在低塑性区,无论在空气还是在真空中,都表现出脆性的沿晶断裂,塑性很低.在拉伸过程中形成的致密氧化铝薄膜能够有效地阻止氧向基体中扩散,减少环境脆性,提高合金的高温塑性.活性元素Zr能够与氧原子相互作用,减少裂纹沿晶界扩展,改善合金的高温塑性.     

类水滴进口高超内收缩进气道参数化分析

基于马赫数分布规律可控的轴对称基准流场,使用流线追踪和截面渐变方法设计了进口截面形状非对称的类水滴形进口转圆形出口高超内收缩进气道,研究了设计参数横向位置d,纵向位置h和进口形状曲线参数a对性能的影响规律。在相同约束条件下对比了类水滴形进口进气道与常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道的性能差异。结果表明:在设计点,所研究的设计参数对类水滴进口进气道总体性能影响显著;在捕获面积和内收缩比相同的情况下,类水滴进口进气道综合性能明显优于常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道。