水热条件下羟基磷灰石纳米晶形成机理

以CaCO3和Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O[钙磷比n(Ca)/n(P)=1.67]的混合物为前驱体,在超声波辅助下,水热法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HAP)。利用X射线衍射仪、电子透射电镜、傅里叶红外吸收光谱仪对制备的羟基磷灰石进行表征。并从前驱物溶液的配制、晶体成核、晶体生长等方面探讨了羟基磷灰石纳米晶体形成的机理。     

水温对空化流动影响的数值研究

为了研究温度升高对翼型表面空化流动的影响,以水为介质,首先对几种现有空化模型的预测能力进行了对比分析,发现Singhal模型能够较准确预测空化区的形状、压力和温度分布。通过添加空化引起的能量源项、耦合介质物性参数与温度关系等方式考虑了热力学效应的影响,并利用现有实验数据充分验证了仿真方法的可靠性,发现考虑热力学效应对压力分布影响较小,但是会导致空化区最大温降减小10%左右。基于建立的仿真方法,对298K～393K温度范围内空化流动进行数值仿真,发现空化区温降随温度升高而增大,但是空化区面积随温度变化在T=353K存在拐点,T353K时,空化区面积随温度升高而增大;而T≥353K时,空化区随温度升高而减小。最后研究了雷诺数变化对空化发展的影响,发现雷诺数增大有一定促进作用,而温度升高同时导致热力学效应增强(抑制空化)和雷诺数增大(促进空化),正是这两种相反作用之间的平衡决定着温度对空化流动的影响。     

天基红外系统及空间光电对抗装备进展

随着信息技术的进展,战争已从陆、海、空扩展到外层空间,信息和反导已成为世界军事领域的两大课题。介绍了美国天基红外系统(SBIRS)的作用、组成、最新进展及技术特点,分析了空间光电对抗技术的原理及空间光电对抗装备发展现状。对预警卫星系统和空间光电对抗设备建设具有借鉴作用。     

脉冲等离子体推力器羽流的一体化粒子模拟

将DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo)/PIC(Particle in Cell)流体混合算法与一维MHD双温放电模型相结合,一体化模拟NASA Glenn PPT羽流。对不同出口偏转角的羽流场进行模拟,给出了不同偏转角度下离子、电势、温度的变化情况,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果显示,该模型具有一体化(从工作过程到羽流)预测脉冲等离子体推力器羽流的能力。人工偏转角的加入,增强了羽流的扩散,使得羽流径向扩散、轴向收缩、回流减弱,同时对放电模型带来的不足有一定改善作用。     

Challenges for coring deep permafrost on Earth and Mars

A scientific drilling expedition to the High Lake region of Nunavut, Canada, was recently completed with the goals of collecting samples and delineating gradients in salinity, gas composition, pH, pe, and microbial abundance in a 400 m thick permafrost zone and accessing the underlying pristine subpermafrost brine. With a triple-barrel wireline tool and the use of stringent quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols, 200 m of frozen, Archean, mafic volcanic rock was collected from the lower boundary that separates the permafrost layer and subpermafrost saline water. Hot water was used to remove cuttings and prevent the drill rods from freezing in place. No cryopegs were detected during penetration through the permafrost. Coring stopped at the 535 m depth, and the drill water was bailed from the hole while saline water replaced it. Within 24 hours, the borehole iced closed at 125 m depth due to vapor condensation from atmospheric moisture and, initially, warm water leaking through the casing, which blocked further access. Preliminary data suggest that the recovered cores contain viable anaerobic microorganisms that are not contaminants even though isotopic analyses of the saline borehole water suggests that it is a residue of the drilling brine used to remove the ice from the upper, older portion of the borehole. Any proposed coring mission to Mars that seeks to access subpermafrost brine will not only require borehole stability but also a means by which to generate substantial heating along the borehole string to prevent closure of the borehole from condensation of water vapor generated by drilling.     

基于定位误差修正的运动目标TDOA/FDOA无源定位方法

针对时差(TDOA)、频差(FDOA)无源定位的两步加权最小二乘(TSWLS)方法定位均方根误差(RMSE)和定位偏差适应测量噪声能力差的问题,在分析了影响两步法定位性能的因素基础上提出一种基于一阶泰勒级数展开的定位误差修正方法。该方法的第1步和两步法相同;其第2步避免了两步法第2步中引入估计偏差的平方运算,利用一阶泰勒级数展开得到第1步定位误差的线性最小均方估计,修正第1步定位结果得到目标位置和速度的最终估计,从理论上证明了该方法可以达到定位的克拉美罗下限(CRLB)。计算机仿真对比了新方法和TSWLS方法、基于泰勒级数(TS)展开的迭代极大似然(ML)方法以及约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)方法的定位性能,新算法复杂度和两步法相当,且均方误差和定位偏差低于两步法、泰勒级数法和CTLS方法。     

一种基于结构相似性的动特性预示方法

提出了一种基于结构相似性的全弹动特性预示方法。首先通过基于遗传算法的模型修正方法,获得了参考型号精度较高的有限元模型,进而得出了结构刚度参数的修正系数,然后根据结构相似性,将参考型号结构刚度参数的修正系数应用于相似型号结构动特性建模及仿真。试验验证结果表明,采用本方法预示的导弹全弹动特性与试验结果相比,前三阶频率最大偏差不超过11%,各阶振型与试验结果相近。     

室内多移动机器人协同建图与路径规划

多机器人协同定位与路径规划是协同侦察、作战等场景中的首要问题,其难点在于如何在未知环境下完成自主定位。提出了将多机器人同步定位与构图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)系统应用于室内环境,,以解决此问题。针对机器人定位存在的相关定位误差,采用了增加惯性测量单元的方法,以进行修正。为解决单个机器人在构建地图时速度较慢的问题,将基于坐标变换的方法用于多机器人的地图融合。此外,基于冲突检测和冲突规避思想,对多机器人路径规划方法进行了研究,并将其部署在了多机器人系统中。实验结果表明,采用多机器人协作进行环境探测,在确保全局地图信息完备的同时,可以提高构图效率。基于冲突规避的多机路径规划方法,可以为机器人个体规划出无碰撞路径,机器人可以根据该路径到达目标位置。     

Searching tracks

Search theory is the discipline that studies the problem of how best to search for an object when the amount of searching efforts is limited and only probabilities of the possible position of the object are given. Then, the problem is to find the optimal distribution of this total effort that maximizes the probability of detection. Although the general formalism of search theory will be used subsequently, we consider now a radically different problem. The problem is to detect target tracks. In the "classical" search theory, the target is said detected if a detection occurs during any time of the time frame. Here, on the contrary, the target track will be said to be detected if elementary detections occur at various times. That means that there is a test for acceptance (or detection) of a target track and that the problem is to optimize the allocation of the search effort for track detection. So, specific optimization problems are solved by means of the primal-dual formalism, in an original setup. Other aspects concern Markovian targets and two-sided search for which simple and efficient algorithms are derived.     

复合材料结构声疲劳的一种数值模拟方法

复合材料结构声疲劳问题是许多工程技术人员关心的课题,经常采用数值方法对其进行分析.利用边界元法对其动力响应情况进行了数值模拟,并发展了一种可以进行复合材料结构声疲劳完整数值模拟的方法.所得结果可以为预测复合材料结构的声疲劳寿命提供参考.