V.L.A. observations of flare build-up in coronal loops

Very Large Array (V.L.A.) measurements at 20 cm wavelength map emission from coronal loops with second-of-arc angular resolution at time intervals as short as 3.3 seconds. The total intensity of the 20 cm emission describes the evolution and structure of the hot plasma that is detected by satellite X-ray observations of coronal loops. The circular polarization of the 20 cm emission describes the evolution, strength and structure of the coronal magnetic field. Preburst heating and magnetic changes that precede burst emission on time scales of between 1 and 30 minutes are discussed. Simultaneous 20 cm and soft X-ray observations indicate an electron temperature $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\textcolor{red}{}\text{2.5 × 10}{}^7\text{K}$ and electron density $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\textcolor{red}{}\text{10}{}^{10}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ during preburst heating in a coronal loop that was also associated with twisting of the entire loop in space. We also discuss the successive triggering of bursts from adjacent coronal loops; highly polarized emission from the legs of loops with large intensity changes over a 32 MHz change in observing frequency; and apparent motions of hot plasma within coronal loops at velocities V > 2,000 kilometerspersecond.     

Multiple wavelength observations of flaring active regions

We present observations of flaring active regions with the Very Large Array (V.L.A. at 6 cm and 20 cm wavelengths) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (W.S.R.T. at 6 cm wavelength). These are compared with photospheric magnetograms (Meudon) and with Hα and offband Hα photographs (Big Bear and Ottawa River Solar Observatories). The 6 cm radiation of these active regions marks the legs of dipolar loops which have their footpoints in lower-lying sunspots. The intense, million degree radiation at 6 cm lies above sunspot umbrae in coronal regions where the longitudinal magnetic field strength H_? = 600 Gauss and the height above the sunspot umbrae h = 3.5±0.5 × 10⁹ cm. Circularly polarized horseshoe structures at 6 cm ring the sunspot umbrae. The high degree of circular polarization (?_c = 95%) of the horseshoes is attributed to gyroresonant emission above sunspot^? penumbrae. The 20 cm radiation of these active regions exhibits looplike coronal structures which extend across regions of opposite magnetic polarity in the underlying photosphere. The 20 cm loops are the radio wavelength counterparts of the X-ray coronal loops. We infer semilengths L = 5 × 10⁹ cm, maximum electron temperatures T_e(max) = 3 × 10⁶ K, emission measures ∫N_e²d$\text{l}$ = 10²⁸ cm^?5, and electron densities N_e = 10⁹ cm^?3 (or pressures p = 1 dyn cm^?2) for the 20 cm bremsstrahlung. A total of eight solar bursts were observed at 6 cm or 20 cm wavelength with second-of-arc angular resolution. The regions of burst energy were all resolved with angular sizes between 5″ and 30″, brightness temperatures between 2 × 10⁷ K and 2 × 10⁸ K, and degrees of circular polarization between 10% and 90%. The impulsive phase of the radio bursts are located near the magnetic neutral lines of the active regions, and between the flaring Hα kernels which mark the footpoints of magnetic loops. In one case there was preburst heating in the coronal loop in which a burst occurred. Snapshot maps at 10 s intervals reveal interesting burst evolution including rapid changes of circular polarization and an impulsive burst which was physically separated from both the preburst radio emission and the gradual decay phase of the burst.     

刀形检测系统及空间测量坐标系的建立

论述一种基于二维视觉的刀形检测及调位系统,给出了测量系统的机械结构以及刀具 原理,分析了系统测量坐标系建立的原理和方法,并给出相关的实验数据。系统的研制实现了高效、精确、自动的刀形检测和位置调整,为高精度数控加工提供了保障。     

返回式卫星数字姿态控制系统及飞行试验结果

简要介绍我国返回式卫星上用的计算机数字姿态控制系统的方案;重点阐述姿态确定和相平面控制律的设计方法;最后简述飞行试验的结果。     

着陆缓冲装置特性分析及控制方法研究

着陆缓冲技术在航天器回收系统中的应用日益广泛,文章对着陆缓冲过程所使用的两种发动机推力制度进行了比较;分析了着陆缓冲过程中影响系统最终性能的因素。认为影响最大的因素是初始条件和环境条件的改变,对此提出了一种较为实用的控制方法。应用这一方法,可以最大限度地消除初始条件和环境条件的改变对着陆缓冲装置性能的影响。     

神舟号载人飞船回收着陆分系统设计与性能评估

文章描述了神舟号载人飞船回收着陆分系统的技术设计 ,总结了系统设计的特点及技术进步 ,并对系统的性能进行了评估 ,以期对型号后续研制提供参考和借鉴     

双S弯二元排气系统遮挡偏距比对壁温与红外辐射影响的试验研究

为了探究不同遮挡偏距比双S弯排气系统的红外特性,试验研究了遮挡偏距比为55%和100%的双S弯二元排气系统的壁面温度分布和红外辐射特性,并与相应的基准轴对称排气系统进行了对比分析。结果表明：S弯喷管壁温整体要比基准轴对称喷管高约25%,第一S弯下游的上壁面附近存在局部高温区,提高S弯喷管遮挡偏距比后,温度梯度加剧,热应力集中。与基准轴对称排气系统相比,55%和100%遮挡偏距比双S弯二元排气系统均具有突出的红外抑制效果,正尾向（α=0°）红外辐射强度分别降低77.7%和79.3%。从温度和红外辐射强度综合评价,遮挡偏距比并非全遮挡最好,遮挡偏距比从55%提高到100%后,仅能有效抑制上方探测面α=5°和10°的红外辐射,而基本不会改变尾向其他探测方向的红外辐射,在工程设计时应权衡优化损失。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

管道喷涂机器人:结构与位姿调整

针对工业上大型管道内壁喷涂的需求,设计了用于喷涂管道的机器人,该机器人采用串并联结构形式,由支撑平台和串联机械手组成.支撑平台采用几何的方法建立数学模型,串联机械手采用D-H参数法建模;并在数学模型基础上给出了逆解方程.位姿调整时,对机器人进行初定位,利用激光跟踪仪测量出管道和机器人的位姿,求解出调整量,对机器人进行位姿调整,使喷枪旋转轴和管道轴线重合.管道喷涂机器人在工厂进行试验测试,测试结果表明该装备可以很好地实现管道的喷涂,提高喷涂质量和效率.