Using vegetation indices and texture measures to estimate vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) of planted and natural forests in Nanjing city,China

Vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) is an important vegetation parameter affecting exchanges of carbon, water, energy between the atmosphere and surface. In this study, the applicability of tonal and texture measures calculated using an IKONOS_2 image in retrieving VFC of forests was investigated in the urban area of Nanjing city, China. Four spectral vegetation indices (VI) and six texture measures (TEX) were related to VFCs acquired from in situ measurements. Models for estimating VFC based on VIs or/and TEXs were established and validated for planted low broad-leaf forest plots (PLB), planted mature forest plots (PMF), natural broad-leaf forest plots (NBF), and all forest plots (ALLv), respectively. The results show that high spatial resolution remote sensing data is applicable to estimate VFC in urban areas, and TEXs may act as effective supplements of vegetation indices (VIs) for the retrieval of VFC. VIs are suitable for VFC estimation of mature forests (such as NBF and PMF) with high vegetation density, and TEXs can yield a more accurate estimate for planted forests (such as PLB and PMF) with regular spatial distribution if they are calculated with proper parameters, such as window size. The combination of VIs and TEXs improve the estimation of VFC if forest types are not previously differentiated. The results can be used as a reference for determining effective spectral or texture parameters in VFC estimation under similar environmental conditions according to vegetation maturity and regularity.     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

HTPB固化交联体系在降低其推进剂燃速中的重要作用

本文研究了HTPB固化交联体系对其推进剂燃速的影响。实验发现,在固化交联体系中含MAPO的推进剂燃速要比用已三醇交联的推进剂燃速高18.4％。应用热分析、中止燃烧、电子扫描显微镜等实验方法,对其作用机理作了分析说明。     

近空间可变翼飞行器小翼切换滑模反步控制

针对近空间可变翼飞行器在小翼切换过程中存在参数不确定性的问题,设计了滑模控制和反步法相结合的控制方法以保证飞行器的跟踪性能。首先研究了近空间可变翼飞行器的纵向运动模型,在此基础上设计了速度和高度的反步控制器,同时采用动态面控制方法消除微分膨胀问题,然后结合滑模控制以增强控制器的跟踪性能,最后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,在参数不确定性时滑模反步控制器能保证系统的稳定性和跟踪性能。     

国外EPDM老化性能简介

三元乙丙(EPDM)绝热烧蚀材料是一种新型的柔性绝热烧蚀材料,它在固体火箭发动机上正在获得越来越多的应用.它可用作火箭发动机燃烧室内绝热层,也可用作火箭发动机喷管收敛段及火箭的外绝热层.老化性能是材料的主要性能指标之一.它决定材料使用寿命及使用这种材料的产品寿命.固体推进火箭发动机对绝热烧蚀材料提出了相当高的要求,为使三元乙丙柔性绝热烧蚀材料在固体火箭发动机上获得广泛的应用,有必要对EPDM的老化性能有一个充分的认识.本文基于这个目的,对国外在EPDM胶料的老化、固化体系的影响;卤素有机化合物、抗氧剂的影响;以及火箭发动机用绝热层的老化等方面的研究作简要介绍,以提高我们对EPDM柔性绝热烧蚀材料老化性能的了解.     

齿轮共振转速及动频测量

本文提出一种简便易行的用声测原理实现在发动机多层包容、高噪音的恶劣测量条件下,测量齿轮行波共振转速及动频的机外检测方法。该方法有较高测量精度,并且使用简便。     

缠绕角度对碳/环氧厚壁管件轴压性能影响的有限元分析

建立厚壁缠绕管件的轴压有限元模型,分析相同压缩载荷条件下不同缠绕角度对管件轴压模量,径向形变和剪应力的影响,并对厚壁缠绕管件在轴压载荷下的破坏模式和部位进行了预测分析。结果表明:受轴压管件的缠绕角度宜控制在20°以内,对管件端头进行环向缠绕加强可以提高管件的轴压强度和刚度。     

1983年2月3日双带耀斑爆发事件的综合分析

本文在统一模型的考虑下,对1983年2月3日太阳3B级Hα双带耀斑和共生的爆发事件进行了综合分析研究.探讨了其中主要的共生辐射的物理过程和内在联系,并讨论了Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型和微波射电爆发源的非热电子束流对产生Hα双带耀斑和硬X射线爆发所起的重要作用.     

基于局部能量比的空中红外弱小目标检测方法

提出了图像局部能量比的概念,并针对空中目标图像特点,给出了一种基于局部能量比的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法基于单帧图像即可实现红外点目标检测,算法简单,耗时较短,可以实时检测;图像局部能量比对图像噪声不敏感,故该检测方法对图像信噪比要求较低,具有强抗干扰性,便于工程实现。文中给出了检测算法的具体实现过程,并用真实空中红外弱小目标图像进行了检测试验。试验结果表明该方法对空中红外弱小单目标和多目标均具有令人满意的检测效果。     

遥感图象的半正交小波变换及数据压缩

本文利用Ｂ样函数构造半正交小波基，并利用对偶系设计了具有严格线性相位和精确重建特性的ＦＩＲ滤波器组，将其应用于遥感图象的数据压缩，取得了良好的成果