用热流探针测量激波速度

激波速度测量是激波管和激波风洞运行状态的一个重要参数,压电传感器或光学方法测速系统成本高,而传统电离探针在激波马赫数较低、波后温度达不到空气电离程度的情况下无法满足实验要求。提出了一种使用同轴热电偶作为测速探针来测激波速度的方法,弥补了电离探针在激波马赫数较低时的不足。介绍了同轴热电偶探针测速原理,并设计了测量激波速度的系统电路。通过信号放大电路锁定激波冲激信号,触发脉冲信号发生电路,实现了一种单通道、多测点的激波风洞测速系统。分别开展以温度与热流为触发信号的风洞实验,结果表明只有使用热流信号才能满足激波测速的时间要求。     

高焓激波风洞喷管流场非平衡特性研究

高焓激波风洞是开展高超声速流动研究的重要地面模拟设备,但其产生的高焓气流在喷管中的膨胀过程是一种典型的热化学非平衡流动,试验段特征参数通过直接实验测量难以完全确定。本文通过求解耦合双温度模型的轴对称Navier-Stokes方程,研究了高焓激波风洞中典型状态下气流的热化学非平衡流动特性,分析了焓值对非平衡特性的影响规律。结果表明,喷管出口自由流均匀区域达到出口截面直径的75%以上,能够为实验提供足够的空间;喷管出口自由流处于热化学非平衡状态,在喷管喉道后约1/5喷管长度处气流即已处于冻结流状态,组分浓度和振动温度随气流流动基本不变;焓值在8.4MJ/kg~19.5MJ/kg之间变化时,非平衡程度随着焓值的增加而增强,但是低焓值时非平衡程度的增强更加剧烈。     

荧光油膜技术及其在流动控制中的应用（英文）

研究了运用荧光油膜技术测量全局表面摩擦应力的方法,引入金字塔迭代技术和模拟演化技术提出了该方法的优化求解算法,并通过平板绊线实验对以上方法进行了验证。以此为基础,通过两个典型的流动控制实验进一步探讨了荧光油膜技术在流动控制中的应用,其中包括采用不同参数锯齿形转捩带控制平板流动转捩的被动流动控制实验和不同激励频率下的后台阶零质量射流主动流动控制实验。以上实验测量结果表明,荧光油膜方法能够有效帮助理解流动机理并可用于评估流动控制策略。     

两级入轨运载器RBCC动力系统内流道设计与性能计算

针对以火箭基组合循环(RBCC)发动机作为水平起飞两级入轨(TSTO)运载器第一级动力系统的方案,建立了进气道-燃烧室-尾喷管一体化流道耦合性能快速计算模型,初步设计了RBCC发动机一体化内流道。RBCC发动机使用变结构进气道,采用支板/凹腔相结合实现火焰稳定的燃烧室以及单侧膨胀尾喷管;应用经过校验的性能分析模型进行RBCC燃烧室性能快速计算;对比分析了性能分析模型与三维数值计算获得的发动机出口状态参数对于飞行器后体流场的影响性;完成了RBCC为动力的两级入轨方案飞行器动力系统的性能分析与计算;分析评估了飞行弹道条件下RBCC推进系统的性能。计算结果表明:飞行器起飞质量280t时,可以完成运送4t载荷进入近地轨道的任务。     

内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却特性

为了研究内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却的流动和换热特性,采用窄带瞬态液晶测量技术获得了内冷通道横流条件下吹风比分别为0.5,1,2时气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数云图,并通过数值模拟得到了气膜孔内及下游区域流场的详细信息.结果表明:内冷通道横流对气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数分布有重要的影响.横流增强了气膜孔射流的展向分布能力,增强了高吹风比时气膜冷却效果.另外,气膜孔下游涡的分布出现明显的不对称性,涡的结构更加复杂.      

不同热值生物燃料燃烧特性数值模拟

采用标准k-ε湍流模型、涡耗散湍流燃烧模型、P-1辐射传热模型对二维简化燃烧室燃料甲烷气、沼气、生物质气的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同截面的燃烧情况,分析燃烧室内的温度分布、NOx质量分数分布、流场结构,研究了不同热值燃料的燃烧特性.结果表明:在入口空气、燃料质量流量相同的条件下,随着燃料热值降低,燃烧温度降低,温度分布更均匀,NOx排放量减少,流动速度降低;适当调节余气系数,能改善燃烧效果,温度分布仍满足高热值燃料燃烧温度高于低热值燃料燃烧温度的规律;在生物燃料混合气中掺入不同热值的可燃成分,可改变混合气的热值,恰当的混合比例能更好地发挥生物燃料的作用.     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

引入压力梯度的针对角区分离流动的Spalart-Allmaras模型的改进

针对Spalart-Allmaras（S-A）模型在角区分离计算中的问题,将无量纲的压力梯度引入其涡黏性输运方程的生成项,得到了改进的S-A模型.通过对两套含角区分离的低速压气机叶栅进行验证计算发现:与实验结果相比,原始S-A模型所得的分离区偏大,分离区内壁面压力偏低;而改进模型得到了与实验一致的分离区尺寸以及吸力面、压力面压力系数分布等结果.针对S-A模型涡黏性生成项和耗散项的分析表明:引入的无量纲压力梯度有效的识别了角区分离,在分离区内改变了涡黏性的生成、耗散关系,增大了涡黏性,从而缩小了计算所得分离区,同时在主流区保留了原始S-A模型的计算结果,进而带来了良好的改进效果.