压力载荷下的结构拓扑-形状协同优化

 压力载荷作用下的结构轻量化设计是工程中的常见问题,由于压力加载面的可设计性,现有以固定载荷为基础的拓扑优化技术不能很好地处理这类问题。直接采用CAD参数化样条或B样条曲线描述压力加载面,通过拓扑和形状变量的联合优化满足了工程实际对结构轻量化与边界的功能性与光滑性设计要求。同时,为了避免结构边界形状变化时有限元网格刷新引起的定义拓扑伪密度变量的困难,用所提出的背景网格和密度点技术实现了每一步单元密度设计迭代结果的自动传递,并采用网格变形技术实现了形状设计变量灵敏度分析。采用4个数值算例验证了方法的有效性,其中发动机承力框架的设计结果充分说明该方法在航空结构设计中的重要应用价值。     

UHMWPE/PCH复合材料性能研究

采用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维作增强材料,结构与UHMWPE纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好润湿性的全碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过热压成型工艺制备UHMWPE/PCH复合材料,并通过扫描电镜、介电谱仪等方法对复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸水、湿热性能及界面粘接性能进行表征.结果表明,UHMwPE/PCH复合材料力学性能良好、介电性能优异、吸水率小、吸湿率低、粘接性能好.     

基于设计变量相关性的翼型设计方法

针对传统设计方法缺乏物理背景等不足,利用流动数值仿真及相关性分析的手段,对几何外形与流动变化的相关性规律进行经验总结,并将这种设计经验进行数值化描述后,引入到优化设计中,建立新的气动外形优化设计模型,使设计模型具有一定的物理意义,从而提高设计效率,改善设计结果。通过高速自然层流翼型HSNLF0213的优化设计,利用相关性的分析结果,建立具有物理意义的优化模型,开展了基于单点优化设计且同时满足多点设计要求的设计方法的应用研究,对这种设计方法及思路进行了初步的探索。设计结果证明了该方法的可行性。     

故障星分布对星座PDOP可用性影响的建模及评价

 导航星座定位精度衰减因子（PDOP）可用性是卫星导航系统顶层设计的重要指标。研究了不同故障星分布状况对全球导航星座PDOP可用性的影响。首先,从概率角度并采用组合方法建立了全球导航星座PDOP可用性指标的统计评价模型。进而对给定数量的故障星分布在单个或多个轨道面内的不同状况下,典型的Walker δ构型导航星座的PDOP可用性如何变化进行了仿真计算和比较分析。仿真结果表明,故障星分布状况和轨道平面数对星座PDOP可用性有较显著影响,适当地减少轨道平面数对于改善星座的PDOP可用性是有利的。提出的评价模型物理意义明确,避免了主观性和局限性,且可以保证较高的指标评价效率。     

软件无线电的可重构流处理器体系结构

 针对软件无线电中存在通用数字信号处理器（DSP）计算能力不足以及专用基带处理器缺乏扩展性的问题,提出了一种新的处理器：面向软件无线电的可重构流处理器及相应的专用指令集。仿真证明,该处理器的可重构设计具备指令集扩展能力,可以对多种无线通信标准甚至是新的通信标准提供支持;面向软件无线电的流体系结构和专用指令集保证了对多种高速无线基带信号的实时处理,运算能力是通用DSP的5~13倍。该处理器为软件无线电中的硬件设计难题提供了一种新的解决途径。     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

数控纤维缠绕机芯模处理软件的研究

给出了离散点输入芯模的数学处理过程,从而对任意给定的芯模轮廓曲线有了统一的处理方法,统了一芯模输入,为非测地线缠绕软件的输入芯模“微元化”提供了理论依据,并为后面的缠绕计算奠定了基础。     

基于改进HOG特征的空间非合作目标检测

传统的非合作目标检测方法大都基于一定的匹配模板,这不仅需要预先指定先验信息,进而设计合适的检测模板,而且同一模板只能对具有相似形状的目标进行检测,不易直接用于检测形状未知的非合作目标。为降低检测过程中对目标形状等先验信息的要求,借鉴基于规范化梯度的物体区域估计方法,提出一种基于改进方向梯度直方图特征的目标检测方法,首先构建包含有自然图像和目标图像的训练数据集;然后提取标记区域的改进方向梯度直方图特征,以更好地保持局部特征的结构性,并根据级联支持向量机训练模型,从数据集中自动学习目标物体的判别特征;最后,将训练后的模型用于检测测试集图像中的目标。实验结果表明,算法在由4953幅和100幅图像构成的测试集中分别取得94.5%和94.2%的检测率,平均每幅图像的检测时间约为0.031 s,具有较低的时间开销,且对目标的旋转及光照变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

超声速平板边界层旁路转捩直接数值模拟

采用具有七阶精度的有限差分格式和基于Euler方程组的特征边界条件,通过直接数值模拟研究了由固定相位周期性吹吸扰动诱导的、Ma∞=2.25、Re∞=2.5×107/m(635 000/inch)空间发展平板边界层的旁路转捩过程,并建立了相应的直接数值模拟数据库。数值结果表明:扰动相位的随机性并不是转捩发生的必要条件,固定相位周期性吹吸扰动即可诱发边界层的转捩;当采用固定相位时,随着吹吸频率的增加,转捩位置向下游移动;当扰动频率足够大时,周期性吹吸无法诱导出边界层的转捩。随后,在所得数据库中提取了速度及热力学变量的平均值,与已有的数据库和理论分析吻合良好;速度脉动均方根与公认的不可压缩平板边界层实验基本吻合;热力学变量脉动均方根和雷诺应力与已有数据库的统计结果及实验数据具有相同的分布特征。对比发现,不同转捩的诱导因素对平均转捩位置和热力学变量均方根、雷诺应力等高阶统计量的影响较大。