堪察加印象

堪察加半岛是世界上最著名的火山区之一,它拥有高密度的活火山,而且类型和特征各不相同,五座具有不同特征的火山构成了堪察加半岛奇异的景观。同时,这个半岛在欧洲大陆和太平洋之间所处的位置,也把这里不断发展的火山活动和各具特色的火山种类展现在世人面前。堪察加半岛共有120座火山,其中有28座是活火山。克柳切夫斯基火山高4850米,是西伯利亚的最高峰,同时也是世界上活动最频繁的活火山之一。在过去的两个世纪中,这座火山一共喷发了五十多次,最近的一次喷发是在2002年3月19日。另一座比较有名的火山是海拔3283米的希韦卢奇火山。它是一座活火山,位于堪察加半岛最北部,从2001年起,它的喷发几乎没有停止过。除了奇特的地质特征外,堪察加半岛还以它优美的景观和众多的野生动物著称于世。堪察加湖保护区位于俄罗斯远东地区最偏远的地方,由五个独立的保护区共同组成,它们都是堪察加州的一部分。州行政中心——堪察加彼得罗巴甫洛夫斯克坐落在出奇美丽而壮观的海湾——阿瓦恰海湾的岸边,海湾被火山链所包围。为了加强对候鸟的保护,前苏联与日本在1973年签订协议建立了联合自然保护区,南堪察加湖国家自然保护区便应运而生。它占地面积为3300000公顷,海拔高度在海平面到海拔3621米之间。     

分析插值误差和斜率的轨迹优化网格细化方法

提出一种基于插值误差和斜率分析的轨迹优化自适应网格细化方法，包括节点插入算法和节点删除算法。节点插入算法分析各个离散节点的控制变量的插值误差。若插值误差较大，则在该节点周围增加节点细化网格；否则，不进行细化。节点删除算法分析各个离散节点处的控制变量斜率。若某个节点的左斜率和右斜率都为零，那么删除该节点；否则，保留该节点。采用三个典型的轨迹优化算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性和特色，并且与其它几种网格细化方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明，本文方法生成的网格规模较小，需要的网格迭代次数较少，能够快速、高精度求解非光滑轨迹优化问题。     

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.     

Analytical Calculation Model for Mach Wave Parameters

When a wave shaper is embedded in a liner,Mach wave will emerge above the liner,which affects the head shape of an explosively formed projectile.Mach wave parameters,including radius and pressure need to be determined to effectively match Mach wave with the liner,so that a good head shape can be obtained.An analytical calculation model for Mach wave parameter is presented based on three-shock theory,and the theoretical values agree well with the experimental ones.The analysis shows that when the radius of the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases while increasing the distance between the liner and the wave shaper.When the distance between the liner and the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases when decreasing the radius of the wave shaper.     

论飞机强度规范的发展

简要叙述了美国军用飞机强度规范的历史演变;美国空军ＭＩＬＡ－８７２２１飞机结构通用规范的专业性质及ＭＩＬ－Ａ－８７２２１与ＭＩＬ－Ａ－００８８６０飞机强度和刚度规范的关系。通过对美国规范的理解和我国飞机研制及强度规范现状的分析,论证了我国新规范应是ＧＪＢ６７．１～１３－８５军用飞机强度和刚度规范的进一步发展,新规范发布实施后,ＧＪＢ６７．１～１３－８５将被取代。还叙述了我国新规范的适用范围和编制的技术途径。     

视频图像压缩技术的研究与应用

视频图像压缩技术是多媒体系统不可回避的关键技术。文章对ＱＩＦ制式标准的视频图像,以Ｐ×６４标准为核心进行了解码与压缩技术的研究。分析了变换编码、运动补偿、量化和变字长嫡编码对压缩效率与图像质量的影响,并对实时传输的视频图像进行了计算机解码分析。恢复的图像表明：解码是成功的,画面清晰,效果显著。在４８６微机上软件处理时间为平均为３ｓ／帧,进一步的硬件处理将有可能为实际使用。     

THE STUDY OF AIRPORTTERRAIN EFFECTS ON AUTOLAND FOR ANY AIRPLANE

<正> The terrain profile at several airports has caused some difficulty with autolands on the DC-10 and MD-80. Some operators have reported that the pilot had to disconnect the flight guidance system during flare and land manually. At present, the autoland guidance system is not uniquely designed to handle the variations of terrain. Since there is no accurate substitute for radio altitude(h_(rad)) the only variable left to improve is radio altitude rate (h_(rad)).     

计算地球流体力学若干新进展

本文简要介绍了有关计算地球流体力学问题研究的若干新进展,其中包括显式平方守恒格式,经济算法,辛算子法,泥沙冲积和三角洲发育的数值模拟等,从中也可以看到计算地球流体力学的发展是具有重要理论意义和实用价值的。     

倾斜式周向槽机匣处理对压气机稳定性的影响

为分析倾斜周向槽机匣处理对跨声速轴流压气机NASA Rotor 37稳定性的影响,采用数值仿真方法研究了光壁机匣和倾斜周向槽机匣的扩稳效果。结果表明：经过周向槽机匣处理后,叶尖泄漏流被诱导进入周向槽,抑制了低速区的发展且泄漏流经过周向槽流出后能够吹除低能区,改善低速区造成的流道堵塞情况,扩大压气机的稳定工作范围;在设计转速下,5种不同形式的周向槽机匣处理都能够提高压气机的稳定裕度,其中,CT3的扩稳效果最好,稳定裕度提高2.86%,而峰值效率降低最少,仅降低0.7%;通过正交试验优化设计方法发现,样本9对于提升转子的稳定裕度效果最为明显,能够将稳定裕度提升2.95%,但会使峰值效率降低1.56%;当周向槽轴向倾斜方式不同时,会使得周向槽的周向截面及槽内流动发生改变,从而对压气机的稳定裕度和峰值效率造成影响。