辅助工程师设计的知识融合设计方法:卫星舱布局设计(英文)

卫星舱布局设计属工程系统设计问题,为用传统计算方法难以解决的问题,该问题具有三重难度:工程复杂性、计算复杂性和达到工程实用难。卫星布局设计师的成功经验表明,它需要依赖设计师的经验和智慧、借鉴先验知识和辅以计算进行设计,并实现人机结合。本文的人机结合方法采用在线人知识、在线计算知识和先验知识(如参考布局施工图)的知识融合方法,并在卫星布局CAD、仿真与评价系统平台上实现,发挥人机各自特长。主要研究:(1)设计知识:包括在线人知识、在线计算知识和先验知识的表达;(2)上述3类知识的广义描述模型及其知识融合方法;(3)人的作用。经以简化的国际通信卫星舱布局设计为例的数值实验验证,表明了本文方法的可行性。     

最小二乘支持向量回归机在可靠性分析中的应用(英文)

经典的响应面方法作为回归方法来模拟可靠性设计中的状态变量和基本变量之间的函数关系,用以解决直接数值模拟方法计算量大的问题。这类算法已经成功解决了一些隐式功能函数的可靠性分析问题,但它依据的经验风险最小原则影响了它的使用范围。基于结构风险最小化的支持向量回归机方法具有良好的小样本学习性能和泛化能立,比传统的回归方法具有优越性。但支持向量回归机方法对大样本的可靠性问题在时间和空间上开销巨大。为了克服这一不足,本文将最小二乘支持向量回归机引入到可靠性分析中。算例结果表明:基于最小二乘支持向量回归机的可靠性方法计算得到结果精度较高,在计算耗时上远小于支持向量回归机的可靠性方法,因此在工程应用上具有一定价值。     

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed in the Heliosphere: 2. Model and Data Comparison

With the recent advancements in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) imaging it is necessary to understand how heliospheric images may be interpreted, particularly at large elongation angles. Of crucial importance is how the current methods used for coronal mass ejection measurement in coronagraph images must be changed to account for the large elongations involved in the heliosphere. We present results comparing a new model of interplanetary disturbances with heliospheric image data, from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager. A database containing a range of ICMEs simulated with varying parameters describing its topology, orientation, location and speed was produced and compared with two ICMEs observed in February and December 2004. We identify the simulated ICME that best matches the data, and use the parameters required to identify their three-dimensional leading-edge structure, orientation and kinematics. By constant comparison with the data we are able to keep track of small changes to the ICME topology and kinematic properties, thus for the first time are able to monitor how the dynamic interaction between the ICME and the interplanetary medium affects ICME evolution. This is the second part of a series of three papers, where the theory behind the model is presented in an accompanying paper and the physical implications are discussed in the third part. The first part considers the effects of Thomson scattering across the entire span of the disturbance and includes its apparent geometry at large elongations. We find that the model converges reliably to a solution for both events, although we identify four separate structures during the December period. Comparing the 3-D trajectory and source location with known associated features identified with other spacecraft, we find a remarkable agreement between the model and data. We conclude with a brief discussion of the physical implications of the model.     

Scheduling algorithms for rapid imaging using agile Cubesat constellations

Distributed Space Missions such as formation flight and constellations, are being recognized as important Earth Observation solutions to increase measurement samples over space and time. Cubesats are increasing in size (27U, ～40?kg in development) with increasing capabilities to host imager payloads. Given the precise attitude control systems emerging in the commercial market, Cubesats now have the ability to slew and capture images within short notice. We propose a modular framework that combines orbital mechanics, attitude control and scheduling optimization to plan the time-varying, full-body orientation of agile Cubesats in a constellation such that they maximize the number of observed images and observation time, within the constraints of Cubesat hardware specifications. The attitude control strategy combines bang-bang and PD control, with constraints such as power consumption, response time, and stability factored into the optimality computations and a possible extension to PID control to account for disturbances. Schedule optimization is performed using dynamic programming with two levels of heuristics, verified and improved upon using mixed integer linear programming. The automated scheduler is expected to run on ground station resources and the resultant schedules uplinked to the satellites for execution, however it can be adapted for onboard scheduling, contingent on Cubesat hardware and software upgrades. The framework is generalizable over small steerable spacecraft, sensor specifications, imaging objectives and regions of interest, and is demonstrated using multiple 20?kg satellites in Low Earth Orbit for two case studies – rapid imaging of Landsat’s land and coastal images and extended imaging of global, warm water coral reefs. The proposed algorithm captures up to 161% more Landsat images than nadir-pointing sensors with the same field of view, on a 2-satellite constellation over a 12-h simulation. Integer programming was able to verify that optimality of the dynamic programming solution for single satellites was within 10%, and find up to 5% more optimal solutions. The optimality gap for constellations was found to be 22% at worst, but the dynamic programming schedules were found at nearly four orders of magnitude better computational speed than integer programming. The algorithm can include cloud cover predictions, ground downlink windows or any other spatial, temporal or angular constraints into the orbital module and be integrated into planning tools for agile constellations.     

高超声速电离绕流中电子密度的静电探针测量方法研究

高焓激波风洞是开展高超声速电离绕流研究的重要地面模拟设备。在中科院力学所JF-10高焓风洞上通过新的破膜技术获得了稳定运行的试验状态,利用施加高频扫描电压的静电探针来探索模型边界层内的电子密度测量方法研究。为解决高频扫描时线路由于RC特性所带来的噪音干扰问题,针对测试环境发展了新的探针电路。结果表明：新型探针电路大大降低了线路干扰噪音,能够有效测量模型边界层内的电子密度分布规律。     

经济空间趋势面模型的建立与分析

为了形象直观的了解经济空间的发展状况,介绍了如何对经济数据实现基于格网的建模方法,并通过Surfer软件进行空间数据插值后建立空问趋势面。利用此方法绘制了江苏省人均GNP、第一产业、第二产业、第三产业、GNP、农业人口率等二维和三维趋势面图,通过它对江苏省的经济布局及其趋势状况进行了实证研究。结果表明江苏省经济发展存在着明显的梯度特征,三大区域之间的经济差距目前呈显著的扩大趋势。     

基于扩充Modelica的复杂系统多层次并行仿真

为提高复杂系统多学科建模仿真效率,弥补现有多领域统一建模仿真语言(Modelica)不支持并行的缺陷,提出了一个面向复杂系统建模仿真的多层次并行仿真框架,从仿真任务级、实体级和模型级3个应用层次上充分发掘仿真系统的并行性.将MPI(Message Passing Interface)/OpenMP中的并行元素加入Modelica语言,并通过所提出的代码映射机制将Modelica文本转换为支持并行编程的高级代码(C++),再利用一定的任务分配机制将高级代码在多层次并行平台(多核集群)上高效执行.针对某典型军事复杂系统优化迭代过程进行仿真实验,结果表明上述多层次并行仿真方法能大幅提高仿真效率.     

一种新型RLC数字电桥的研究

RLC数字电桥是一种以微处理器为基础的自动测量电阻R，电感L，电容C，品质因数Q，损耗角正切值D等参数的智能元件参数测量仪器，该RLC数字电桥，利用DDS（直接数字频率合成）方法，产生波形好，幅值稳定的正弦波，作为测试激励信号，采用了基于V－I法的自由轴法测量原理和五端测量技术，相敏检波器设计方法独特，利用数字鉴相，提高了鉴相精度，积分式A／D转换器设计方法新颖，转换精度高。     

潜水艇装备的发展趋势

本文简要介绍了潜水艇的特点；在未来海陆空立体战争中，潜水艇可以充当的多种角色；潜艇技术和反潜技术之间的相互矛盾以及相互推动和发展。     

Initial experiments and analysis of blunt-edge vortex flows for VFE-2 configurations at NASA Langley,USA

A review is presented of the initial experimental results and analysis that formed the basis the Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2). The focus of this work was to distinguish the basic effects of Reynolds number, Mach number, angle of attack, and leading-edge bluntness on separation-induced leading-edge vortex flows that are common to slender wings. Primary analysis is focused on detailed static surface pressure distributions, and the results demonstrate significant effects regarding the onset and progression of leading-edge vortex separation.