基于快速性能计算算法和序优化的卫星星座构型设计研究(英文)

卫星星座设计是一个复杂耗时的仿真优化设计问题。本文首先介绍了一种利用Hermite插值算法计算卫星星座性能指标的快速算法,用来减少计算复杂度和时间,并且基于快速算法建立了星座构型优化模型。其次引进了序优化理论,用来缩减搜索空间。针对星座优化问题,详细阐述了序优化所涉及到的精确和粗糙模型、有序性能曲线、选择规则和选择集合。通过对卫星导航星座和天基目标监视星座系统的仿真表明序优化理论对处理卫星星座优化设计问题是有效的。     

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

Admission Control of VL in AFDX Under HRT Constraints

Avionics full duplex switched ethernet(AFDX) is a switched interconnection technology developed to provide reliable data exchange with strong data transmission time guarantees in internal communication of the spacecraft or aircraft.Virtual link(VL) is an important concept of AFDX to meet quality of service(QoS) requirements in terms of end-to-end message deadlines.A VL admission control algorithm in AFDX network under hard real-time(HRT) constraints is studied.Based on the scheduling prin-ciple of AFDX prot...     

Near Infrared Spectrometer for the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIS) instrument on the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft is designed to map spectral properties of the mission target, the S-type asteroid 433 Eros, at near-infrared wavelengths diagnostic of the composition of minerals forming S asteroids. NIS is a grating spectrometer, in which light is directed by a dichroic beam-splitter onto a 32-element Ge detector (center wavelengths, 816–1486 nm) and a 32-element InGaAs detector (center wavelengths, 1371–2708 nm). Each detector reports a 32-channel spectrum at 12-bit quantization. The field-of-view is selectable using slits with dimensions calibrated at 0.37° × 0.76° (narrow slit) and 0.74° × 0.76° (wide slit). A shutter can be closed for dark current measurements. For the Ge detector, there is an option to command a 10x boost in gain. A scan mirror rotates the field-of-view over a 140° range, and a diffuse gold radiance calibration target is viewable at the sunward edge of the field of regard. Spectra are measured once per second, and up to 16 can be summed onboard. Hyperspectral image cubes are built up by a combination of down-track spacecraft motion and cross-track scanning of the mirror. Instrument software allows execution of data acquisition macros, which include selection of the slit width, number of spectra to sum, gain, mirror scanning, and an option to interleave dark spectra with the shutter closed among asteroid observations. The instrument was extensively characterized by on-ground calibration, and a comprehensive program of in-flight calibration was begun shortly after launch. NIS observations of Eros will largely be coordinated with multicolor imaging from the Multispectral Imager (MSI). NIS will begin observing Eros during approach to the asteroid, and the instrument will map Eros at successively higher spatial resolutions as NEAR's orbit around Eros is lowered incrementally to 25 km altitude. Ultimate products of the investigation will include composition maps of the entire illuminated surface of Eros at spatial resolutions as high as 300 m.     

液体推进剂一甲肼与水二元物系汽液相平衡的研究

一甲肼是一种重要的液体推进剂,分离反应过程所生成的水是确保一甲肼质量的关键。测定了甲基肼－水（ＭＭＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ）物系在１０１．３３ｋＰａ下的汽液平衡,以及电解质对其汽液平衡的影响。采用盐效应和溶剂化的方法,研究了不同电解质对ＭＭＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ汽液平衡的盐效应。     

刚度导数法在含裂纹铆接加筋板应力强度因子计算中的应用

本文探讨了刚度导数法用于含裂纹铆接加筋板应力强度因子计算的问题。提出了选取对刚度导数矩阵有贡献元素的一种新方法,成功地解决了裂尖位于筋条轴线附近时,采用刚度导数法计算应力强度因子的困难。算例结果表明,本文提出的方法是正确有效的。文中还阐述了刚度方程降阶的方法,这种方法对于应用小容量计算机求解较大的结构分析问题,有一定的参考价值。     

发动机故障诊断主状态量模型合理解的选择

主状态量模型是基于发动机故障方程的发动机故障诊断的一种十分有效的方法,它在发动机故障诊断上的成功应用已为大量实例所证实。发动机故障诊断主状态量模型的一个技术关键就是合理解的选择问题。本文给出了选择合理解的基本原则。这些原则可以有效地提高合理解选择的确定性和故障诊断的故障分辨率。对于JT9D发动机的大量故障实例利用主状态量模型(加权最小二乘法)进行了检验。故障诊断的成功率达90%以上,并且得到了许多有用的信息,文中给出了24个实例的故障诊断结果以及故障趋势分析的典型例子。     

劈绕射系数的一种通用表达式及应用

 在讨论矩形波导辐射场、飞行器翼边电磁散射场时,要用到二维金属尖劈的绕射系数表达式。许多学者对尖劈绕射场进行了详细讨论,给出了明确结果,其中级数形式的严格解收敛速度较慢,简化公式是当源置于无限远处取得的,对于尖劈近区场源问题没有触及,文献[2]给出的简化解析式在应用上有一定的困难。因此我们重新进行了推导,获得一种新的表达式,适合于近、远场源问题的数值计算。矩形波导棱边的绕射是普通劈尖的一个特例。     

应用Fuzzy ISODATA方法选择航空科研项目

 本文将Fuzzy ISODATA方法用于科研项目的选择,并结合中国航空发动机涡轮冷却专业的科研选题实例进行了定量分析。用Fuzzy ISODATA方法将14个备选项目按其对总目标的贡献值划分为3类。结果表明,该方法具有划分合理,结果直观,计算速度快便于对大量项目进行选择的优点。     

燃气涡轮发动机的状态监控与故障诊断

 为了提高燃气涡轮发动机的可靠性,耐久性并降低直接使用成本,近年来发展了发动机状态监控与故障诊断系统。大量试验和使用经验证明了这个系统的有效性。目前,该系统已在航空燃气轮机,工业燃气轮机和车辆用燃气轮机上广泛应用。 本文介绍了这个系统的功能,技术要求,并着重介绍了用气动热力参数,振动和滑油分析进行状态监控及故障诊断的原理及其应用。最后,文章讨论了今后发展中的问题。