大扩张角扩压器的附面层吹除技术的研究

本文介绍以附面层吹除技术控制大扩张角扩压器气流分离的试验研究.研究中确定了抑制扩压器分离所需的最小吹除气流流量,并详细测定了流场变化和扩压性能参数.研究结果表明:对于扩张半角为15°的直壁扩压器,采用附面层吹除措施时,当吹气量为总气量的4%条件下,可明显地改善扩压性能,并消除了扩压流动中的分离.静压恢复系数较未采用吹除的原型扩压器提高7%,总压恢复约增加2%、而出口畸变指数改善8%.     

固体火箭发动机点火器的工程设计和流量估算

固体火箭发动机点火器传统工程设计的方法是应用经验公式估算点火药量,点火器结构设计依赖于设计人员的经验.本文依据数值方法给出了通用点火器设计方法,点火器流量估算方法.通过发动机压强上开段的峰值、达到峰值的时间来筛选方案,从而最终设计出点火器.文中还给出了实验结果.依据本文中提出的方法成功地进行了多种发动机的设计,表明工程应用性强.     

飞机起落架回转地面载荷特性研究

计算地面回转工况下的回转力矩和回转机轮接地点地面载荷对起落架结构设计有重要意义,以共轴双轮式起落架和四轮车架式起落架为研究对象,通过假设轮胎与地面接触面为椭圆印痕,并应用极坐标二重积分的计算方法,推导出回转力矩计算公式和轮胎接地点地面载荷计算公式,并结合算例将传统方法和本文方法的计算结果进行对比.结果表明:回转力矩随着轮胎压缩量的增加而增加;传统方法得出的回转力矩偏小;对于共轴双轮和四轮车架式起落架,轮胎接地点处的扭矩占回转力矩的比例很小,同时接地点处存在较大的航向、侧向力.     

Impulse feature extraction method for machinery fault detection using fusion sparse coding and online dictionary learning

Impulse components in vibration signals are important fault features of complex machines. Sparse coding(SC) algorithm has been introduced as an impulse feature extraction method, but it could not guarantee a satisfactory performance in processing vibration signals with heavy background noises. In this paper, a method based on fusion sparse coding(FSC) and online dictionary learning is proposed to extract impulses efficiently. Firstly, fusion scheme of different sparse coding algorithms is presented to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy. Then, an improved online dictionary learning method using FSC scheme is established to obtain redundant dictionary and it can capture specific features of training samples and reconstruct the sparse approximation of vibration signals. Simulation shows that this method has a good performance in solving sparse coefficients and training redundant dictionary compared with other methods. Lastly, the proposed method is further applied to processing aircraft engine rotor vibration signals. Compared with other feature extraction approaches, our method can extract impulse features accurately and efficiently from heavy noisy vibration signal, which has significant supports for machinery fault detection and diagnosis.     

A study of instability in a miniature flying-wing aircraft in high-speed taxi

This study investigates an instability that was observed during high-speed taxi tests of an experimental flying-wing aircraft.In order to resolve the reason of instability and probable solution of it,the instability was reproduced in simulations.An analysis revealed the unique stability characteristics of this aircraft.This aircraft has a rigid connection between the nose wheel steering mechanism and an electric servo,which is different from aircraft with a conventional tricycle landing gear system.The analysis based on simulation results suggests that there are two reasons for the instability.The first reason is a reversal of the lateral velocity of the nose wheel.The second reason is that the moment about the center of gravity created by the lateral friction force from the nose wheel is larger than that from the lateral friction force from the main wheels.These problems were corrected by changing the ground pitch angle.Simulations show that reducing the ground pitch angle can eliminate the instability in high-speed taxi.     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

Human factors quantification via boundary identification of flight performance margin

A systematic methodology including a computational pilot model and a pattern recognition method is presented to identify the boundary of the flight performance margin for quantifying the human factors. The pilot model is proposed to correlate a set of quantitative human factors which represent the attributes and characteristics of a group of pilots. Three information processing components which are influenced by human factors are modeled： information perception, decision making, and action execution. By treating the human factors as stochastic variables that follow appropriate probability density functions, the effects of human factors on flight performance can be investigated through Monte Carlo（MC） simulation. Kernel density estimation algorithm is selected to find and rank the influential human factors. Subsequently, human factors are quantified through identifying the boundary of the flight performance margin by the k-nearest neighbor（k-NN） classifier. Simulation-based analysis shows that flight performance can be dramatically improved with the quantitative human factors.     

卫星在空间碎片撞击下的易损性分析方法研究

针对厘米/毫米级空间碎片对卫星的撞击风险评估,在对卫星部件的失效模式及影响分析（FMEA）的基础上,结合射线跟踪法和失效树分析法建立一种卫星目标的易损性分析方法,计算卫星在空间碎片撞击下导致不同损伤等级的系统失效概率PK/H。详细介绍了该易损性分析方法的总体思路和各项关键技术,并给出了应用实例。该方法可推广应用于载人航天器上,对于航天器的撞击风险评估和防护结构优化设计有重要意义。     

涡轴发动机全状态实时气动热力学数值模拟

用“外推”法得到了某燃气涡轴发动机起动状态的部件特性,采用容积法建立了表达发动机热力过程特性的非线性方程组,解决了通常的部件法建模需要迭代的问题,建立了1个涡轴发动机全状态气动热力学实时模型;在起动建模中考虑了温升对部件效率的影响以及传热对燃气热焓的影响。给出了某发动机从起动到最大状态全过程的数值模拟结果。     

复合绝热管气囊成型工艺设计和实验

对两端收口复合绝热管进行了工艺方案分析,确定气囊成型工艺为优选工艺方案,在此基础上阐述了气囊成型工艺设计的原则,依据这个原则开展了典型样件的研制.结果表明：方案选择合理,工艺设计完整、可靠,产品满足各项指标要求.