C/SiC复合材料紧固件拉-拉疲劳行为研究

为了研究C/SiC复合材料紧固件的拉-拉疲劳行为,在疲劳应力比为0. 1、加载频率为10 Hz的条件下对不同应力水平的疲劳寿命进行统计。采用断口分析和金相分析方法对C/SiC复合材料螺钉疲劳破坏的细观机制进行了研究。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料螺钉拉-拉疲劳包含拉断疲劳及拉脱疲劳两种失效形式;基于双参数幂指数形式的寿命模型,两种失效形式的疲劳寿命经验公式相似;C/SiC复合材料螺钉的疲劳极限约为拉伸强度的65%～70%,若最大疲劳应力大于0. 7σmax,其材料损伤随循环次数增多而明显增大。     

横向射流影响缓燃向爆震转捩过程的试验研究

为探究横向射流对缓燃转爆震过程的影响,在高为20 mm,深为6 mm,总长为810 mm的矩形通道内进行了横向射流加速起爆的单爆试验。采用甲烷和氧气的预混气为反应物,点火源为点火能量为50 mJ的弱火花塞点火。垂直于主流的横向喷射孔径为1 mm,喷射介质为与反应物同浓度的混气。试验主要研究射流延迟时间、射流位置、射流数量和射流分布形式对起爆特性的影响。结果显示,射流各喷射位置下均存在相应的最佳射流延迟喷射时间使得预混气的起爆时间最短。射流位置分别位于距点火区90、270 mm处的平行双射流和90、180 mm处的交错射流均具有最短的起爆时间,约为1 ms。     

固体火箭发动机零维两相燃烧室压强计算方法研究

为了更准确地预估含金属燃料固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强,在压强计算中考虑两相流的影响,从一维两相喷管流动的求解出发,通过两相平衡流模型、两相常滞后模型、两相等温流模型、颗粒定温模型等模型的简化,分别推导不同模型下喷管中两相混合物的流量计算公式,再把流量公式应用到发动机零维内弹道理论中,推导并简化得到零维燃烧室平衡压强的计算公式。把压强公式用于HTPB推进剂固体火箭发动机和铝冰固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强计算,结果表明,当固体推进剂中金属含量较高时(如铝含量为21%的HTPB推进剂发动机),用传统零维燃烧室压强公式预估的压强与实验误差较大,而使用合适的两相流模型和对应的零维燃烧室压强计算方法,在HTPB发动机中,能把压强预估结果与实验的误差降低到6%以内。如果使用多维内流场计算的方法,燃烧室压强预测结果的误差将下降到2.5%以内。结论发现在含金属固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强计算中,考虑两相流的影响是必要的,而使用两相流修正后的零维燃烧室压强计算公式能够快速、较准确地预估这些发动机的燃烧室压强。     

热障涂层在涡轮叶片应用中的热防护有效性

建立了含热障涂层的涡轮叶片简化传热模型,通过理论推导建立了热障涂层的有效性判据,并基于此进行了热防护有效性分析。理论分析与数值实验表明:由热障涂层带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化会显著影响热障涂层的热防护效果;在发动机典型工况下,对于处于高温区的高压涡轮叶片前缘处,热障涂层引起的复合传热表面传热系数变化率最大值的范围为1.25%~10.83%以满足热防护有效性要求。在工程中应特别注意由于热障涂层的应用带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化,否则会导致热防护失效,甚至产生反效果。      

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压正负序分量分离新方法

针对传统锁相环(PLL)在电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变下利用常规软件锁相环不能准确获取相位的问题,提出了一种新的正负序分量分离新方法。利用了相序解耦谐振控制器能去除高次谐波和延时信号消除(DSC)法可滤除特定谐波的特性,将相序解耦谐振和延时信号消除法结合起来,达到更好的正负序分量分离的效果。最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

航空齿轮减速器稳健优化设计研究

航空齿轮减速器通常对重量、强度、效率以及可靠性有极高的要求,考虑到其所处工况的随机性、工艺水平的差异性以及材料强度等力学性能参数的波动性,传统的确定性参数优化设计已不能满足工程实际的需求。在传统的确定性优化设计模型的基础上,基于6σ稳健设计基本理论建立齿轮传动系统的多目标稳健设计优化模型,并采用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法进行求解;以某航空齿轮减速器中单级斜齿圆柱齿轮系统为研究对象进行实例分析。结果表明:本文提出的基于6σ稳健设计理论的齿轮传动系统优化模型充分考虑了不确定性因素对优化的影响,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

高温处理对中密度针刺C/C复合材料性能的影响

针对C/C复合材料脆性问题,对密度为1.60 g/cm3的碳布叠层针刺C/C复合材料进行了1800、2 000、2 200和2 500℃的高温处理,研究了不同热处理温度对C/C复合材料微晶结构、力学和抗热震等性能的影响.结果表明,高温处理使针刺C/C复合材料的层间剪切和面内拉伸强度出现不同程度的降低,但材料的断裂伸长率和抗热震性能得到大幅度提高.其中,1 800℃高温处理后的C/C复合材料具有优异的力学和抗热震性能.     

某型民用运输机主起落架连接区结构静力试验

飞机静力试验是飞机试验的重要内容之一,是验证飞机结构强度和静力分析正确性的重要手段。为验证某型民用运输机主起落架连接区结构满足静强度要求,以及有限元计算分析的正确性,在静力试验飞机上进行了主起落架连接区结构静力试验。通过全机有限元模型和细节有限元模型分析计算,进行加载、应力\应变、位移试验数据与有限元计算值的分析对比,计算值与试验数据符合较好。