Applications of mathematical models in lead-acid battery design

Two mathematical models describing processes that occur in a lead-acid battery are presented. One model is used to evaluate the geometry of the current collecting grids for minimum ohmic losses; the other is useful for evaluating cell design parameters such as electrode paste specifications and separator characteristics. The formulation of the models is briefly discussed, and they are demonstrated with examples. The grid geometry model is used to compare a rectilinear grid pattern with an intricate pattern having nonrectilinear elements. The comparison is based on the initial voltage loss of the cell as predicted by the model. The cell chemistry model is used to examine the effects of the positive and negative plate thicknesses on the DIN (German test standard) runtime     

耀斑后环珥系速度场的定量研究

本文研究了在太阳重力、偶极磁压强梯度和气体压力梯度联合作用下环珥系内物质的下落运动,并在等温、定常假设下用数值方法计算了该环系的二维视向速度场。通过将速度场的理论计算跟文[1]中给出的观测速度场拟合,导出了该环系的有关参数及分布。计算表明环系内物质密度和磁场强度对物质下落运动影响较显著。     

月球最优软着陆两点边值问题的数值解法

借助庞特里亚金最大值原理(Pontryagin′s Maximal Principle,PMP),将月球燃耗最优软着陆问题转化为终端时间自由型两点边值问题(Two Point Boundary Value Problem,TPBVP)。采用一种基于初值猜测技术的线性摄动法求解TPBVP,得到最优软着陆轨迹。仿真结果表明,初值猜测技术得出的伴随变量初值均落在线性摄动法的收敛区间内,收敛速度快,优化精度高。最后研究了不同制动推力大小对软着陆性能的影响,结论为:增大制动发动机推力,既可缩短软着陆的时间,又能减少软着陆的燃料消耗。     

基于斜出口合成射流激励器的边界层分离控制

设计了一种新型斜出口合成射流激励器,采用粒子图像激光测速仪(PIV)流场测试技术对其非定常瞬态与时均流场结构进行了研究.结果表明,右斜出口合成射流激励器工作时的质量均来源于激励器出口左侧.出口右侧由于射流的附壁效应和相邻出口间的相互"接力"诱导作用,激励器出口右侧呈现为更强的沿壁面切向方向的动量输运特性,这种流动特性更加有利于进行边界层分离流动的控制.最后,采用该合成射流激励器对逆压梯度下的边界层分离控制进行了应用尝试,实现边界层分离流动控制的目的.     

基于两级优化策略的导弹可变翼优化设计

针对多任务、可变翼导弹的外形优化设计需求,提出了一种两级优化方法,研究变形弹翼对导弹总质量和飞行性能的影响。在给定的任务和基准方案下,采用遗传算法和模式搜索法混合优化策略,完成了弹翼优化。结果显示,优化后的导弹发射质量和燃料消耗分别减小了5.46%和15.25%。     

A simplified data assimilation method for reconstructing time-series MODIS NDVI data

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an important vegetation index, widely applied in research on global environmental and climatic change. However, noise induced by cloud contamination and atmospheric variability impedes the analysis and application of NDVI data. In this work, a simplified data assimilation method is proposed to reconstruct high-quality time-series MODIS NDVI data. We extracted 16-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid NDVI data sets for western China from MODIS vegetation index (VI) products (MOD13A2) for the period 2003–2006. NDVI data in the first three years (2003–2005) were used to generate the background field of NDVI based on a simple three-point smoothing technique, which captures annual features of vegetation change. NDVI data for 2006 were used to test our method. For every time step, the quality assurance (QA) flags of the MODIS VI products were adopted to empirically determine the weight between the background field and NDVI observations. Ultimately, more reliable NDVI data can be produced. The results indicate that the newly developed method is robust and effective in reconstructing high-quality MODIS NDVI time-series.     

基于光分配网络ODN的数据中心设计

城市光纤化将大力推进城市系统物联化和互联化的发展,民用航空机场一般采用光纤入户(FTTH)作为光网覆盖的解决方案.要建设高效率低成本的FTTH光缆网络,其组网理念、产品选择以及施工方式需综合考虑.以杭州萧山国际机场国际航站楼综合布线系统为背景,给出了光分配网络ODN(optical distribution network)的设计规划、选材和施工等关注的重点,对光分配网络建设进行了研究.     

Cross-layer design of LT codes and LDPC codes for satellite multimedia broadcast/multicast services

According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform （LT） codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check （LDPC） codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels （BECs）. By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.     

同轴送粉喷嘴保护气体流场研究

为解决飞机结构损伤激光在线修复过程中同轴送粉喷嘴气体保护效果不佳的问题,利用粒子图像测速(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)和Fluent软件对喷嘴保护气体流场进行了研究。将喷嘴气流的同轴射流和同轴冲击射流的数值计算结果和实验测量结果进行了比较,分析了喷嘴气流速度变化对流场稳定性的影响。结果表明:喷嘴中心、内环和外环气流流速由内向外递减时可获得稳定的流场;喷嘴中心、内环、外环喷出的气流速度接近一致时,流场比较稳定;喷嘴中心气流速度小于内环和外环的气流速度时,工件表面出现漩涡,破坏了流场的稳定性。     

测量斜率的面内不敏感双孔径数字散斑剪切干涉术(英文)

为了测量离面位移的一阶导数即斜率分布信息,提出了一种改进的对面内分量不敏感的双孔径数字散斑剪切干涉技术,利用时间相移技术进行条纹的定量分析。双孔径装置固定在成像系统前,玻璃楔片放置在任意一个孔径前以便引起横向剪切。通过实验测量一个周边固支,同时受离面变形和面内转动载荷的圆板的斜率分布。实验结果表明,利用该光学系统得到的条纹图仅表示斜率条纹轮廓,而条纹图中由面内位移以及相应的应变分量的影响都被彻底去除。实验结果和理论分析结果吻合。