树脂砂低压铸造工艺研究与应用

研究了树脂砂低压铸造工艺理论与原理,结合工艺试验得到了铝合金ZL104涡轮泵出口管树脂砂低压铸造工艺规范。采用该工艺规范制造的铝合金ZL104涡轮泵出口管已用于CZ-5和CZ-7运载火箭液氧煤油液体火箭发动机之中,CZ-5和CZ-7运载火箭已通过了飞行考核,液氧煤油液体火箭发动机工作正常。由此表明:铝合金ZL104涡轮泵出口管树脂砂低压铸造工艺是合理、正确和有效的。     

旋转弹气动力建模与飞行轨迹仿真

运用一种自回归滑动平均(ARMA)的时域气动力建模方法,以计算流体力学与刚体动力学(CFD/RBD)耦合仿真的输出结果为样本,对旋转弹的非定常气动力进行建模。利用建立的气动力模型与刚体动力学方程求解模块耦合,实现了旋转弹轨迹的快速仿真,并讨论了不同的建模方式对仿真精度的影响。算例结果表明:采用气动力模型与刚体动力学方程耦合仿真技术可以在不同初始发射条件下进行旋转弹飞行姿态与运动轨迹预测,且与CFD/RBD仿真结果吻合较好,证明ARMA气动力建模方法可以在保证旋转弹轨迹预测精度的同时大幅缩短仿真时间,节省计算资源。     

中国运载火箭技术发展

中国航天运输系统建设起步于20世纪60年代,经过近50年的发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,建设了布局合理、覆盖全面的空间运输系统体系,能够将不同有效载荷发射到低、中、高不同轨道。国际合作方面,在搭载发射、商业卫星发射服务和在轨交付3个方面也取得了一定成绩。对中国航天运输系统发展成就进行了总结,对航天运输系统未来发展特别是人工智能技术应用进行了展望。     

高雷诺数二维充气机翼构形的气动特性

针对基于二维充气机翼的构形特征进行高雷诺数条件下的气动特性分析.首先通过对二维充气机翼构形特征的设计,建立了描述逼近程度的误差参数和若干模型;进一步运用数值方法,通过与标准翼型的对比,分析充气机翼的气动性能及其误差参数的敏感性.数值结果表明:在高雷诺数条件下,充气机翼的气动性能相对于标准翼型有所降低.同时,结合对流场特征的分析,从机理上解释二维充气机翼与标准翼型气动性能差异形成的原因,即导致总的阻力系数明显增加的主要原因是其凹凸起伏的表面对充气机翼表面压力分布所引起的变化,局部压力升高从而大幅增加了压差阻力.      

Observation of Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes in the RELEC space experiment on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vernov</Emphasis> satellite

The RELEС scientific payload of the Vernov satellite launched on July 8, 2014 includes the DRGE spectrometer of gamma-rays and electrons. This instrument comprises a set of scintillator phoswich-detectors, including four identical X-ray and gamma-ray detector with an energy range of 10 kev to 3 MeV with a total area of ~500 cm² directed to the atmosphere, as well as an electron spectrometer containing three mutually orthogonal detector units with a geometric factor of ~2 cm² sr. The aim of a space experiment with the DRGE instrument is the study of fast phenomena, in particular Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) and magnetospheric electron precipitation. In this regard, the instrument provides the transmission of both monitoring data with a time resolution of 1 s, and data in the event-by-event mode, with a recording of the time of detection of each gamma quantum or electron to an accuracy of ~15 μs. This makes it possible to not only conduct a detailed analysis of the variability in the gamma-ray range, but also compare the time profiles with the results of measurements with other RELEC instruments (the detector of optical and ultraviolet flares, radio-frequency and low-frequency analyzers of electromagnetic field parameters), as well as with the data of ground-based facility for thunderstorm activity. This paper presents the first catalog of Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. The criterion for selecting flashes required in order to detect no less than 5 hard quanta in 1 ms by at least two independent detectors. The TGFs included in the catalog have a typical duration of ~400 μs, during which 10–40 gamma-ray quanta were detected. The time profiles, spectral parameters, and geographic position, as well as a result of a comparison with the output data of other Vernov instruments, are presented for each of candidates. The candidate for Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes detected in the near-polar region over Antarctica is discussed.     

Designing corrections for the trajectory of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spektr-R</Emphasis> spacecraft in the event of immersions into the Moon’s sphere of influence

The results of updating the parameters of motion of the Spektr-R spacecraft at the end of 2016 have shown that, in January 2018, with a probability close to unity, the condition that a spacecraft stay in the Earth’s shadow is violated; however, in May of the same year, the ballistic life of the spacecraft will be terminated. Thus, in 2017, the question arose of how to design the correction of flight of this spacecraft using its onboard propulsion system. The correction was designed with allowance for the fact that, for the first time since it was launched, the spacecraft in the course of several years, beginning with 2017, repeatedly approaches the Moon, deeply immersing into its sphere of influence. This paper presents the technologically and organizationally convenient, allowable versions of upcoming correction of the Spektr-R spacecraft trajectory and justifies the particular scheme of its implementation.     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

基于小波包变换及相关系数法的复合材料层合板冲击位置识别研究

复合材料较为广泛应用于航空、航天等工程领域,但对冲击载荷十分敏感。因此,对复合材料结构承受的冲击载荷进行在线监测以及冲击位置的实时识别具有重要意义。文章以复合材料层合板为研究对象,基于两个冲击位置的距离越靠近则接收到信号幅频特性相似度越高的特点,采用FBG光纤光栅传感器,通过小波包变换的方法来提取能量特征向量,同时结合相关系数法来实现复合材料层合板的冲击位置识别。在480 mm×480 mm的复合材料层合板上开展冲击实验,8次实验皆完成了冲击位置识别,其中7个点距离误差为0 mm,实现精准识别,另一个点误差在6%以内。     

基于终端角度约束的二阶滑模制导律设计

针对空地导弹具有终端角度约束条件的制导律设计问题,提出了一种在有限时间内稳定的新型二阶滑模制导律。首先,在弹目相对运动学模型基础上,将终端弹道倾角约束转化为终端视线(LOS)角度约束,作为制导系统的终端控制目标。其次,通过选取一种新型二阶滑模面,结合螺旋控制算法的思想,设计了一种二阶滑模变结构制导律,来抑制系统中的不确定性因素,从而满足零化视线角速率和制导系统的终端角度约束条件的要求。采用一种新的Lyapunov函数,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,严格证明了制导系统在有限时间内的稳定性。最后,对空地导弹制导系统进行数字仿真,通过和一阶传统滑模制导律以及基于超螺旋算法的二阶滑模制导律进行对比分析,验证了所设计的制导律在保证制导精度的同时,更能在有限时间内提高终端约束角度的精度,并且避免了超螺旋算法中参数选取较多的问题。     

高温空气传输特性对边界层稳定性及转捩预测的影响

为了研究黏度和导热系数对边界层内基本流和流动稳定性的影响,首先通过分析比较Sutherland公式和目前常用的Gupta等人的拟合关系式,建立了高温气体下黏度和导热系数的计算模型,并分别将Sutherland公式和新建立的计算模型应用于7组元化学平衡流的平板模型,在马赫数为10,16和20,飞行高度为30-5km等条件下分别对黏度和导热系数的模型进行比较.计算结果表明:在高温范围内,黏度和导热系数均影响着边界层的基本流、流动稳定性及转捩预测,且两者影响的趋势相反,黏度的增加、导热系数的减小都能使扰动的增长率变大,增长区变宽,转捩位置提前.