GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计

随着全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）掩星大气探测技术的兴起,GNSS遥感探测数据在气象数据资源中逐步占据重要地位,但是目前的掩星探测数量远不能满足数值天气预报等应用的需求,未来更需要充分利用GNSS信号资源,开展更大规模的GNSS掩星卫星星座探测.本文以世界气象组织发布的大气海洋数据需求为参考,提出新一代GNSS遥感探测星座任务需求与设计约束.在理想大气模型假设下,利用几何解析方法研究了探测卫星星座构型参数对探测性能的影响,并建立了新一代GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计基本准则.以风云卫星为子星座,给出了星座规模同为40颗的三种GNSS遥感探测微纳卫星星座设计方案.研究结果表明,具备该规模的探测星座可满足数值天气预报等气象应用的最低数据需求,三种构型方案中,由高、中、低倾角三组Walker子星座与风云卫星子星座组建的GNSS遥感探测星座探测性能最优.     

全柔性空间机器人基于虚拟力的输出反馈有限维重复学习控制及振动抑制

探讨了基座、关节、臂均存在柔性情况下,空间机器人关节轨迹运动及多重柔性振动的主动控制和主动抑制问题.结合线性弹簧、扭转弹簧、简支梁及假设模态法,利用拉格朗日方程建立了基座、关节、臂全柔性影响下的空间机器人系统动力学模型,利用奇异摄动法,将模型分解为关节运动慢变子系统与关节柔性振动快变子系统.为控制慢变子系统中载体姿态、关节刚性运动并且抑制臂的柔性振动,依据虚拟控制力的概念,设计了基于有限维傅里叶级数解析周期信号的输出反馈重复学习算法.李雅普诺夫直接法证实了上述控制器的稳定性.为了抑制快变子系统中基座和关节的柔性振动,分别采用线性二次最优控制方法以及引入关节柔性补偿器间接增大关节等效刚度的方式,使控制算法不局限于求解弱非线性问题.系统数值仿真结果表明,所提出的控制器能够有效抑制机器人多重柔性构件的振动,实现对期望信号的高品质追踪.     

利用MF雷达对耀斑期间电离层D区电子密度的观测研究

利用MF雷达观测资料对X级别耀斑爆发期间在66—80 km高度之间的电子密度进行了研究,观测到了耀斑爆发期间电子密度的突然增加,在较低高度上的电子密度的时间变化趋势与耀斑的软X射线辐射通量相关.电子密度的变化强度依赖于具体的耀斑参数,有些耀斑引起的电子密度增加高达400 cm^-3,有些仅为100 cm^-3左右.但耀斑期间在这一高度区间增加的总电子含量增量仅占耀斑辐射引起的整个电离层总电子含量增量的千分之一左右.最后,利用恢复阶段电子密度的时间变化过程估算了1997年11月4日耀斑期间部分高度上的有效复合系数.     

机体弹性对起落架载荷影响分析

基于ADAMS软件建立了不同起落架布局的含弹性机体的全机多体动力学模型,进行了全机着陆仿真分析,研究了不同起落架布局的飞机机体弹性对起落架地面载荷的影响:对大多数机翼起落架布局的飞机,机体弹性减缓了起落架载荷;而对于机身起落架布局的飞机,考虑机体弹性后,起落架载荷有可能增大,也有可能减小.不同的飞机构型、不同的缓冲器参...     

太阳微波爆发频谱事件

国家天文台 1.0-2.0GHZ,2.6-3.8 GHz太阳射电频谱仪从1994年1月和1996年9月投入观测至2000年4月10日记录到太阳射电爆发分别为297个和316个.取得了高质量的高时间分辨率、高频率分辨率的动态谱资料,为研究耀斑各种尺度的时间及空间演化过程提供了丰富的信息.1998年4月15日的共同事件在时间和频率上显示了丰富的幅度和结构的变化.     

太阳微波爆发动态频谱仪

介绍了北京天文台已投入观测的1.0—20GHz,2.6—3.8GHz太阳射电频谱仪及1999年投入观测的5.2—76GHz太阳射电频谱仪。它们是第23周太阳活动峰年我国太阳物理界的重要观测设备已投入观测的频谱仪获得不同类型的太阳射电爆发资料分别为171个和146个,这些事件在时间和频率上有丰富的幅度和结构的变化。不同太阳射电爆发反映太阳大气不同高度上耀斑的时间和空间的演化过程,为研究不同大气高度中耀斑物理动力学过程、能量释放、粒子加速提供了更多的依据。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

Multiple hierarchy risk assessment with hybrid model for safety enhancing of unmanned subscale BWB demonstrator flight test

To explore the low-speed characteristics of the Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) configuration for future civil aircraft, a series of unmanned subscale demonstrators have been developed and tested by our research team. During this process, specific safety risks deriving from uncertain design features, system unreliability, and insufficient personnel experience caused continuous flight test mishaps and the risk mechanism was not clear. Local and trial-and-error learning driven safety improvements took few effects on mishap prevention, so our focus was turned to look for systematic safety strategies. This paper establishes a systems theory based hybrid model to integrate the physical system reliability analysis techniques with the system dynamics method for illustrating the multiple risk interactions of the demonstrator flight test involving organizational, human resource and technical system factors. Using the prior BB-5 demonstrator as a case, the hybrid model simulation represents its historical risk evolution process, which verifies the model rationality. Derived risk control strategies reduced the mishap rate of a new demonstrator called BB-6 Sprit. The paper also shows the extended hybrid model can be applied on safety management of unmanned aerial vehicles from the initial period of vehicle development.     

玫瑰扫描光学系统头罩气动热建模与仿真

在导弹高速飞行过程中，光学头罩的温度受气动热效应作用而急剧升高，会产生严重的气动热辐射效应。为研究头罩气动热对玫瑰扫描光学系统的影响，建立了基于CFD流体仿真软件的头罩温度场模型。在仿真软件对光学系统结构进行三维建模后，通过光学软件对头罩热辐射对探测器的影响进行了仿真和计算。仿真结果表明：玫瑰扫描光学系统对头罩的温度梯度较为敏感，当头罩温度非均匀分布时，探测器会接收到气动热辐射干扰信号，对弱小目标的正常探测和提取产生干扰，气动热辐射效应不容忽视。     

值班稳定器燃烧室值班火焰的火焰传递函数研究

为了研究值班火焰的动态特性,采用实验方法获得值班稳定器模型燃烧室中值班火焰的火焰传递函数。燃烧室的动态压力利用动态压力传感器测量,火焰的全局非定常热释放利用光电倍增管测量,光电倍增管采用了CH*带通滤波器,动态压力传感器和光电倍增管可以实现同步采集,利用高速摄像机捕捉了火焰的动态过程。利用速度脉动和非定常热释放得到值班火焰的火焰传递函数,其中速度脉动利用双传声器法和压力脉动数据计算得到。实验结果表明,当值班级甲烷流量为0.552g/s,0.621g/s和0.69g/s时,值班火焰不稳定,延迟时间分别为0.0116s,0.00675s和0.0133s。