一种星间相对状态估计方法

编队自主导航是实现分布式遥感系统星间协同观测的基础。为实现分布式遥感系统星间相对状态的精确确定,提出一种基于MEMS激光雷达与纳型星罗盘的星间相对状态估计方法。借助相对姿态、轨道运动学方程建立了星间相对状态的无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法,解决了MEMS激光雷达测量与参考航天器姿态耦合的问题,并利用预定入轨参数及高精度轨道外推(HPOP)对方法进行仿真校验。结果表明,该方法具有可行性和实用性,估计精度满足分布式遥感任务需求,能够较好解决中远距离星间相对状态估计问题。     

基于GPS的多基线姿态系统研究

在QUEST算法的基础上,提出了非单位向量前提下的四元数估计算法。该算法考虑了基线长度对精度的影响,将其应用于自制的GPS多基线姿态系统,计算载体的姿态角,验证系统及算法的精度。通过两次实验结果对比表明:该套GPS姿态系统具有较高的精度,非单位向量的四元数估计算法计算精度明显高于TRIAD算法。     

空间太阳能电站的准对日定向姿态

针对空间太阳能电站的俯仰姿态运动,提出一种能追踪太阳运动的准对日定向(QSP)姿态方案。此方案的太阳能电池阵列在万有引力梯度力矩的作用下,始终在垂直于太阳光的方向附近作幅值约为18.8°的振动,且几乎不需要姿态控制力矩。准对日定向姿态方案解决了大型太阳能电池阵列对日定向所需的巨大俯仰姿态控制力矩问题。准对日定向姿态的发电效率为对日定向姿态的97.3%,对Abacus空间太阳能电站而言每年可节省燃料约36791 kg。通过数值方法得到了准对日定向姿态的精确初始条件。随后,设计了比例-微分控制器,保证了系统存在初始姿态误差的条件下收敛到准对日定向姿态。最后研究了轨道、姿态和结构振动对准对日定向姿态的影响,并发现准对日定向姿态下的结构振动幅值比对日定向姿态减小约40倍。     

牵引发电机汇流环绝缘结构优化研究

针对牵引发电机汇流环产品标准化和通用化设计,列举了5种型号的交流传动内燃机车配套汇流环绝缘结构,提出了汇流环绝缘结构优化的设计方案。检测、试验和有限元分析结果表明,优化结构满足额定电压低于1 346 V的牵引发电机使用要求。这为以后设计不同要求的汇流环绝缘结构提供了参考依据。     

变形破碎特性对SLD结冰过程影响

基于结冰过程数值模拟,针对过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下的变形破碎特性及其对成冰过程影响进行了研究。利用动态阻力计算模型,分析了水滴变形对水滴运动轨迹影响,采用基于泰勒类比理论的计算模型,研究了水滴破碎过程、子液滴粒径分布特性等。完成了NACA 0012翼型典型SLD结冰算例的数值分析,与参考文献计算结果和实验数据进行对比。结果表明:对于SLD结冰,变形和破碎主要改变了水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,在加入变形破碎特性的计算模型后,可以较好预测结冰极限位置和冰形轮廓,说明该方法对SLD变形破碎效应及其影响的模拟是可行和正确的。      

Experimental characteristics of oblique shock train upstream propagation

The structure and dynamics of an oblique shock train in a duct model are investigated experimentally in a hypersonic wind tunnel. Measurements of the pressure distribution in front of and across the oblique shock train have been taken and the dynamics of upstream propagation of the oblique shock train have been analyzed from the synchronized schlieren imaging with the dynamic pressure measurements. The formation and propagation of the oblique shock train are ini-tiated by the throttling device at the downstream end of the duct model. Multiple reflected shocks, expansion fans and separated flow bubbles exist in the unthrottled flow, causing three adverse-pressure-gradient phases and three favorable-pressure-gradient phases upstream the oblique shock train. The leading edge of the oblique shock train propagates upstream, and translates to be asym-metric with the increase of backpressure. The upstream propagation rate of the oblique shock train increases rapidly when the leading edge of the oblique shock train encounters the separation bubble near the shock reflection point and the adverse-pressure-gradient phase, while the oblique shock train slow movement when the leading edge of the oblique shock train is in the favorable-pressure-gradient phase for unthrottled flow. The asymmetric flow pattern and oscillatory nature of the oblique shock train are observed throughout the whole upstream propagation process.     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

飞机隔热结构热桥效应分析与实验

针对飞机隔热结构中金属筋条的热桥问题,设计了两类典型飞机隔热结构构型。为了研究分析热桥效应对隔热性能的影响,对各构型进行瞬态热传导有限元分析,得到在热面温度分别为100℃,200℃,300℃,424℃时考核点的温度,并通过隔热性能实验验证了有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:热桥对隔热结构的隔热性能有较大影响,设计隔热结构时应充分考虑热桥现象;提出了热桥阻断的方法。     

分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准方法

基于分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准需求,提出了一种新的有效解决方法。首先基于时域相干的时延估计算法纠正通道间时延差,而后利用基于最小二乘拟合的频域均衡算法实现通道间幅相一致性校准。利用MATLAB平台进行仿真分析,结果表明,利用此方法校正后,失配通道与参考通道在通带内的幅度差值在0.015d B内,相位差值在0.1°内,有效地实现了通道间一致性校准作用。该方法已成功应用于实际工程项目中。     

多介质数据库管理系统NAIMDB——模型与方法

采用面向对象的方法构造数据模型,把命名的线性表定义为简单对象。用表可以嵌套的性质构造复杂的多介质对象。对象分为3个层次,即原子对象,简单对象和复杂对象。简单对象在数据库中有实际的物理存贮;复杂对象在数据库中只存贮它的结构描述,即相应嵌套表的结构描述。