激光熔覆修复15-5PH不锈钢的拉伸性能及组织研究

研究了激光熔覆修复15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢激光熔覆修复比例(25%、50%、75%、100%)对其力学性能的影响,以及熔覆修复后试样的断口形貌、金相组织、内部缺陷和显微硬度。研究结果表明,15-5PH不同比例熔覆修复试样的抗拉强度均高于基材,但塑性随着修复比例的增大而降低,在所研究的4种熔覆修复比例的试样中,25%熔覆比例时抗拉强度最高,力学性能最好。熔覆修复冶金组织致密,分为修复区、热影响区和基材区,其中热影响区的组织呈现明显的方向性,晶粒均匀性好,无粗大晶粒,表面和内部无裂纹缺陷,显微硬度从修复区向基材区整体呈上升趋势,在热影响区内出现硬度峰值。熔覆界面的结合力较基体内部的结合力弱,修复试样的断口均呈V字形。     

新型三维数字扫描设备在飞机加改装工程中的应用研究

探讨了新型三维数字扫描设备在飞机加改装工程中的应用前景,提出了较为实用的应用方法和步骤。实例表明,该设备操作简单、输出精度高,能够满足常见的改装测绘需要,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

From the Solar Wind to the Magnetospheric Substorm

This paper gives a brief outline of the progression from the first substorm model developed in Ref.[4] and[8] based on Kennel's ideas[3], to the present views about the mechanism by which solar wind kinetic energy is converted to electromagnetic energy at the Bow Shock and by which this energy is transferred to the magnetosphere in the form of current; about the transformation of the energy of this current to gas kinetic energy of convecting plasma tubes, and, finally, the back transformation of gas kinetic energy to electromagnetic energy in secondary magnetospheric MHD generators. The questions of the formation of the magnetospheric convection system, the nature of substorm break-up, and of the matching of currents in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system are discussed.      

腔内平板对空腔自激励振荡的影响及预估振荡频率方程的改进

运用全隐式无分裂方法,紊流模型采用修正的B-L代数模型,数值模拟了超音速流通过腔内存在平板的空腔流动.研究了腔内有不同长度平板存在的空腔流动的剪切层自持性振荡,并与无平板存在时的现象进行类比.腔内平板将剪切层与空腔隔开,减弱了剪切层振荡与空腔压强脉动的耦合作用;随着腔内平板长度的增加,剪切层振荡的程度有所减小.基于特征长度可变的思想,本文改进了Heller的频率预估方程,改进后的频率方程能更好地预估空腔的振荡频率.与Heller的方程相比,修改后的方程预估所得到的频率值更接近于闭式空腔声学模型方程的预估结果;各个方程预估空腔振荡频率值的比较进一步验证了改进后的方程的正确性及合理性.     

Modelling of Geomagnetic Storm Effects in the Ionosphere of East Asia

This paper presents simulated results of the ionospheric behavior during few geomagnetic storms,which were occurred in the different seasons. The numerical model for ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling was used to interpret the observed variation of ionosphere structure. Reasons why the positive storms are dominant in the winter whereas the negative ones are dominant in the summer season present the special interest for the mid-latitude ionosphere. A theoretical analysis of the processes controlling the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storms has showed a good agreement between the simulated results and measurements, as well as the crucial role of the neutral composition variations to fit the calculated and the observed ionospheric parameters.      

A reappraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars

Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars make up about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived, and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 M(Sun)), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid-surface-water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 1/50th of the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 M(Earth) orbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute.     

涡轮叶栅前缘上游端壁气膜冷却的流场实验研究

对前缘上游端壁有单排和双排孔冷却的大尺寸低速涡轮导向叶栅进行了气动测量、热示踪和端壁流场显示,在吹风比1～3范围获得了叶栅内的详细流场、冷气的空间分布和端壁上的流动图案。结合先前测得的没有冷却时的流场数据,这些结果表明端壁气膜冷却对叶栅流场结构有重大影响,吹风比是主宰射流与二次流间相互作用的主要因素,双排孔喷射使冷气比单排孔喷射更贴近端壁。低吹风比喷射冷气不能到达压力面并被二次流逐渐卷离端壁;中吹风比喷射有效的抑制了二次流的形成,并使端壁流线偏向于无粘流流线,冷气很均匀的覆盖在端壁上。      

相控阵雷达的过去、现在和将来

概括介绍了地面、舰船、航空和空间用无源与有源偶极子和单片微波集成电路(MMIC)相控阵雷达的近期发展和未来趋势。内容涉及：DD(X)舰船雷达系列、THAAD(以前的CBR)、欧洲的COBRA、以色列的BMD雷达天线、荷兰的舰船APAR、美国的F-22、JSF和F-18机载雷达、欧洲的AMSAR、瑞士的AESA、日本的FSX和以色列的费尔康(Phalcon)、铱星(66颗在轨卫星中有198个天线)和全球星MMIC空间载有源阵列系统(最后两个系统用于通信，但是所用技术与雷达系统的相同，实际上，IRIDIUM收／发组件技术是从空间雷达技术中来的)、Thales公司(以前的Thomson-GSF)的4英寸94GHzMMIC晶片导引头天线、数字波束形成、铁电行-列扫描、通信与雷达用光电扫描、MMICC波段至Ku波段先进孔径共享项目(ASAP)和AMRFS天线系统(通信、雷达、电子干扰(ECM)和ESM共用)以及连续切向分支(CTS)压控介质(VVD)天线。     

直角滑环式组合型金属橡胶密封件的密封机理及应用研究

针对具体的需求背景，将金属橡胶技术成功的应用于密封结构中。对金属橡胶与聚四氟乙烯组合型密封环的结构设计、制备工艺、主要影响参数、密封性能及模拟试验等进行了系统研究。分析了聚四氟乙烯的表面质量及金属橡胶元件的性能对组合型密封环密封性能的影响。推导了组合型密封环的压缩变形量及接触压力的计算公式。研究结果表明，金属橡胶与聚四氟乙烯组合型密封环的尺寸稳定性及密封性能，完全满足实际工况提出的性能指标要求，其泄漏量是实际工况要求的十分之一。研究结果对利用金属橡胶技术解决空间环境下的密封问题具有重要的参考价值。