基于编队形状的反舰导弹预定目标选择模型特点

相比传统的预定目标选择方法,基于编队形状的反舰导弹预定目标选择方法是一类新方法。为了便于进一步研究具体算法,需要研究基于编队形状的反舰导弹预定目标选择模型的特点。该类方法的实质是将目标选择问题转化为点集匹配问题,因而文章从点集的信息来源、点集之间的变换关系、点集之间的映射关系、点集之间的距离函数等方面分析了模型特点,并根据这些特点将基于编队形状的反舰导弹预定目标选择算法分为2类：即基于迭代收敛的预定目标选择算法和基于变换位置集合的预定目标选择算法。     

径向导叶内流动分离特性的试验研究和控制

采用接触式探针和粒子图象测速技术(PIV)对导叶式离心泵径向导叶内流场的流动特性进行了研究。基于圆柱形微型三孔探针测试结果对5种流量下导叶的压力恢复能力进行了评估,测孔位置覆盖了导叶进出口截面和主线截面。压力恢复系数的理论值和试验值表明当流量大于导叶设计流量时导叶内产生了较大的静压损失。2C/2D PIV 可视化试验的研究结果表明大流量下导叶叶片压力面发生了流动分离。设计了不同参数组合的涡流发生器来对流动分离现象进行控制,试验研究了6种方案对模型泵大流量工况下性能的影响,获得一组最佳方案,并分析了采用该方案后导叶内的流动特性。     

基于虚拟设计制造技术的FL-9风洞模型架车开发

FL-9风洞是"十五"国家批准建设的大型航空科研基础设施,模型架车是其核心设备。以该风洞模型架车开发研制为背景,运用制造业信息化技术,构建了虚拟设计制造平台,此平台具备网络系统支持下的设备三维数字化设计、计算机辅助分析、工艺设计、可视化及三维交互等功能;并建立了设计制造信息化体系,实现了设计制造全过程信息分类代码的规范和统一。基于此平台开发的模型架车经2年的研制已全面建成并试车成功。     

意大利第4颗“宇宙-地中海”卫星升空

2010年11月6日,意大利国防部用美国德尔他-2运载火箭从美国范登堡空军基地发射了自行研制的第4颗"宇宙-地中海",即"宇宙-地中海"-4(Cosmo-SkyMed-4,又译地中海盆地观测小卫星星座-4)军民两用雷达成像卫星,这也是意大利国防部拟组建的第一代成像侦察卫星星座的最后1颗。此前,意大利已先后用德尔他-2火箭于2007年6月、2007年12月和2008年10月发射了3颗"宇宙-地中海"卫星,它们均部署于距地约620km的太阳同步圆轨道。按照计划,"宇宙-地中海"-4卫星也部署在相同的轨道面上。"宇宙-地中海"星座用于全球观测,特别是观测地中海国家。它主要用于监视领土,分析自然灾害影响,监视评估海岸线侵蚀、海/河污染、农业林业资源和城市建筑,绘制以米为计量单位的地图,保证领土安全和战略防御。     

一种改进的频率步进雷达信号性能分析

在分析目标运动对频率步进信号一维距离像影响的基础上,提出了一种改进的频率步进信号,即参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号,研究了这种信号的数学模型和处理方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与频率步进信号相比,参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善,一维距离像不会随目标的运动而产生失真。另外,根据参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的特点,提出了利用距离微分法实现速度粗补偿和利用脉组误差函数法实现速度精补偿的方法和步骤,仿真结果证明,这两种方法是有效、稳健、可靠的。     

Microbial fuel cells applied to the metabolically based detection of extraterrestrial life

Since the 1970s, when the Viking spacecrafts carried out experiments to detect microbial metabolism on the surface of Mars, the search for nonspecific methods to detect life in situ has been one of the goals of astrobiology. It is usually required that a methodology detect life independently from its composition or form and that the chosen biological signature point to a feature common to all living systems, such as the presence of metabolism. In this paper, we evaluate the use of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the detection of microbial life in situ. MFCs are electrochemical devices originally developed as power electrical sources and can be described as fuel cells in which the anode is submerged in a medium that contains microorganisms. These microorganisms, as part of their metabolic process, oxidize organic material, releasing electrons that contribute to the electric current, which is therefore proportional to metabolic and other redox processes. We show that power and current density values measured in MFCs that use microorganism cultures or soil samples in the anode are much larger than those obtained with a medium free of microorganisms or sterilized soil samples, respectively. In particular, we found that this is true for extremophiles, which have been proposed as potential inhabitants of extraterrestrial environments. Therefore, our results show that MFCs have the potential to be used for in situ detection of microbial life.     

The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission

The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1?×?10? km2) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150?m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.     

机加结构中介机匣试验件设计及性能验证研究

设计了机加结构中介机匣试验件,解决了含支板复杂结构中介机匣流路面及支板型面机加难以实现的问题。进行了机加结构中介机匣性能试验,对比试验结果与理论设计数据,校核试验与设计的符合性,为准确验证中介机匣的气动设计提供设计依据。     

Comparative survival analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans and the haloarchaea Natrialba magadii and Haloferax volcanii exposed to vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

The haloarchaea Natrialba magadii and Haloferax volcanii, as well as the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, were exposed to vacuum UV (VUV) radiation at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Cell monolayers (containing 10(5) to 10(6) cells per sample) were prepared over polycarbonate filters and irradiated under high vacuum (10(-5) Pa) with polychromatic synchrotron radiation. N. magadii was remarkably resistant to high vacuum with a survival fraction of (3.77±0.76)×10(-2), which was larger than that of D. radiodurans (1.13±0.23)×10(-2). The survival fraction of the haloarchaea H. volcanii, of (3.60±1.80)×10(-4), was much smaller. Radiation resistance profiles were similar between the haloarchaea and D. radiodurans for fluences up to 150?J m(-2). For fluences larger than 150?J m(-2), there was a significant decrease in the survival of haloarchaea, and in particular H. volcanii did not survive. Survival for D. radiodurans was 1% after exposure to the higher VUV fluence (1350?J m(-2)), while N. magadii had a survival lower than 0.1%. Such survival fractions are discussed regarding the possibility of interplanetary transfer of viable microorganisms and the possible existence of microbial life in extraterrestrial salty environments such as the planet Mars and Jupiter's moon Europa. This is the first work to report survival of haloarchaea under simulated interplanetary conditions.     

Thyrotropin receptor and membrane interactions in FRTL-5 thyroid cell strain in microgravity

The aim of this work was to analyze the possible alteration of thyrotropin (TSH) receptors in microgravity, which could explain the absence of thyroid cell proliferation in the space environment. Several forms of the TSH receptor are localized on the plasma membrane associated with caveolae and lipid rafts. The TSH regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane and the presence of its receptors in microdomains that are rich in sphingomyelin and cholesterol. TSH also stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and cell proliferation. Reported here are the results of an experiment in which the FRTL-5 thyroid cell line was exposed to microgravity during the Texus-44 mission (launched February 7, 2008, from Kiruna, Sweden). When the parabolic flight brought the sounding rocket to an altitude of 264?km, the culture media were injected with or without TSH in the different samples, and weightlessness prevailed on board for 6 minutes and 19 seconds. Control experiments were performed, in parallel, in an onboard 1g centrifuge and on the ground in Kiruna laboratory. Cell morphology and function were analyzed. Results show that in microgravity conditions the cells do not respond to TSH treatment and present an irregular shape with condensed chromatin, a modification of the cell membrane with shedding of the TSH receptor in the culture medium, and an increase of sphingomyelin-synthase and Bax proteins. It is possible that real microgravity induces a rearrangement of specific sections of the cell membrane, which act as platforms for molecular receptors, thus influencing thyroid cell function in astronauts during space missions.