基于增量学习的高光谱图像目标检测

高光谱图像目标检测是高光谱图像分析中的重要研究内容之一。本文从经典有效的约束能量最小化算法出发,提出了一种基于增量学习的高光谱目标检测方法。当获得新的样本时,不需要重新计算所有样本的自相关矩阵即可对检测器模型进行更新,减轻了星上有限计算资源的负担。实验结果表明:本文提出的目标检测算法在压制背景光谱的同时可以更好地适应目标光谱,提高了算法的检测性能。     

变截面悬臂梁结构动载荷辨识方法

在航空航天领域，作用在结构上动载荷的确定对结构健康监测是非常必要和重要的。为此，本文以类似机翼结构的变截面悬臂梁结构为研究对象，提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感器与卡尔曼滤波器的动载荷识别方法。首先，根据变截面梁单元形式，推导出变截面梁的质量矩阵与刚度矩阵，建立动力学运动方程。然后，以光纤光栅传感器测得的应变信息作为观测信号，通过卡尔曼滤波器生成的增益矩阵、新息序列矩阵以及协方差矩阵，得到灵敏度矩阵和估计力的增益矩阵。在此基础上，利用广义回归模型及其最小二乘算法，估算出动载荷大小、判断出动载荷激励位置。借助数值仿真与实验手段，分别验证了该方法对于单点正弦激励、方波激励、锯齿波激励以及多点同时激励等工况下的动载荷识别效果。结果表明，本文所提算法具有较好的动载荷识别效果和噪声抑制能力，能够为未来风洞试验和真实飞行试验环境中诸如大展弦比机翼表面气动压力等载荷实时辨识、气动外形自适应控制以及结构健康监测提供技术支撑。     

Analysis of long-endurance station-keeping flight scenarios for stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects

The ability to achieve long-endurance station-keeping flights makes stratospheric airships desirable platforms for the provision of communication and surveillance services. To maintain long-endurance flights, it is necessary to consider the problem of energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss long-endurance flight scenarios of stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects. The balance between buoyancy and gravity is influenced by thermal effects during the diurnal cycle. We perform a theoretical analysis based on the helium’s mass, pressure differential, and altitude as the main factors. To verify the effectiveness of the control over the pressure differential and the altitude, three long-endurance flight scenarios are proposed and compared. Then, the corresponding optimization problems are constructed to determine the energy-minimum flight. Finally, further efforts are made to reduce energy consumption. The realization and limitations of two strategies for improvement are analyzed. A comparison with other scenarios shows the effectiveness of energy conservation. The study in this paper thus provides a reference for station-keeping applications of stratospheric airships.     

钛合金精密零件的活性屏离子渗氮

采用活性屏离子渗氮技术对钛合金进行渗氮处理,并将渗氮层的组织、形貌、维氏硬度和零件的变形情况与普通离子氮化的试件作对比。结果表明,活性屏离子氮化的组织和性能优于普通离子氮化,工件变形小、表面光洁度高、操作简单、过程可控、质量一致性好,可以解决钛合金精密零件普通离子氮化存在的问题。     

除冰液对道面混凝土的影响及保护剂防护效果

通过冻融和化学侵蚀试验，研究了NW-056A机场道面除冰液对道面水混混凝土耐久性的影响以及在道面除冰液环境下两种新型混凝土保护剂的防护效果。结果表明：①混凝土在道面除冰液中冻融后表面无明显剥落现象，相对动弹模损失率比在水中小很多，道面除冰液延缓了混凝土的冻融破坏：②混凝土在道面除冰液常温浸泡下表面无剥蚀现象，但强度比在水中降低很多，因此存在化学腐蚀．且主要表现为对混凝土内部结构的缓慢损伤；（④两种新型混凝土保护剂均对预防混凝土的冻融破坏以及除冰液环境下的腐蚀破坏起到一定作用，涂刷混凝土保护剂是提高混凝土道面耐久性的有效方法。     

A data-driven health indicator extraction method for aircraft air conditioning system health monitoring

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) has become a very important tool in modern commercial aircraft. Considering limited built-in sensing devices on the legacy aircraft model, one of the challenges for airborne system health monitoring is to find an appropriate health indicator that is highly related to the actual degradation state of the system. This paper proposed a novel health indicator extraction method based on the available sensor parameters for the health monitoring of Air Conditioning System (ACS) of a legacy commercial aircraft model. Firstly, a specific Airplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) report for ACS health monitoring is defined. Then a non-parametric modeling technique is adopted to calculate the health indicator based on the raw ACMS report data. The proposed method is validated on a single-aisle commercial aircraft widely used for short and medium-haul routes, using more than 6000 ACMS reports collected from a fleet of aircraft during one year. The case study result shows that the proposed health indicator can effectively characterize the degradation state of the ACS, which can provide valuable information for proactive maintenance plan in advance.     

基于复变量的参数敏感性分析

介绍了进行敏感度导数计算的有限差分法和复变量法。在原有流场求解程序的基础上,引入了复变量,实现了敏感度导数的自动计算。算例验证表明,差分法由于减消误差(subtractive cancellation error)的存在,其计算精度对扰动步长比较敏感,合适的扰动步长需经过多次尝试才能得到。而复变量方法虽然计算量大,但是由于没有引入减消误差,因而当扰动步长趋于足够小时其计算精度能够真正达到二阶精度。     

“族”类词中词缀化倾向现象

词缀化倾向研究内容主要集中在对类词缀的特点进行观察和分析.以“族”这一类词缀为例,分析“族”类词的构成及语法功能,探讨词缀化倾向的原因特点及其对现代汉语的影响.     

NONLINEAR PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR TERRAIN FOLLOWING

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涡扇发动机空中减速过程转速预测

以某型涡扇发动机为研究对象,对其空中减速的试验数据进行深度挖掘,分析了减速过程中低压和高压转速的变化规律,得到该型发动机空中减速过程中转速的预测关系式,并对预测结果进行验证。结果表明,通过预测关系式计算所得结果与飞行试验数据吻合良好,可用作该型发动机空中减速过程的转速预测。