Surface and downhole prospecting tools for planetary exploration: tests of neutron and gamma ray probes

The ability to locate and characterize icy deposits and other hydrogenous materials on the Moon and Mars will help us understand the distribution of water and, therefore, possible habitats at Mars, and may help us locate primitive prebiotic compounds at the Moon's poles. We have developed a rover-borne neutron probe that localizes a near-surface icy deposit and provides information about its burial depth and abundance. We have also developed a borehole neutron probe to determine the stratigraphy of hydrogenous subsurface layers while operating within a drill string segment. In our field tests, we have used a neutron source to "illuminate" surrounding materials and gauge the instruments' efficacy, and we can simulate accurately the observed instrument responses using a Monte Carlo nuclear transport code (MCNPX). An active neutron source would not be needed for lunar or martian near-surface exploration: cosmic-ray interactions provide sufficient neutron flux to depths of several meters and yield better depth and abundance sensitivity than an active source. However, for deep drilling (>or=10 m depth), a source is required. We also present initial tests of a borehole gamma ray lithodensity tool and demonstrate its utility in determining soil or rock densities and composition.     

金属韧脆转移评定标准的本质及其相互关系

本文阐述了钢的冷脆性评定方法及理论;韧脆转移的本质和机理;对冲击试样、弯曲试样、拉伸试样的断裂行为及其相互关系进行了分析;并对理论韧脆转移温度及与其它标准的转移温度之间的关系进行了讨论。     

一种抑制微放电的宽带大功率定向耦合器设计

在卫星有效载荷系统中,3dB定向耦合器作为微波工程关键器件已得到广泛应用,而此类器件在太空真空环境中,常因真空环境下大功率工况引发的微放电效应形成谐振放电现象,影响耦合器性能与寿命,对于卫星系统日益增多的小型化及大功率需求,在器件设计时应充分考虑微放电效应并兼顾小型化要求,采用有效抑制手段以确保器件在轨稳定可靠。通过分析定向耦合器工作原理与不同结构耦合器之间的差异,阐述了真空环境下的微放电效应产生机理,针对性地采取基于奇偶模分析法的耦合线结构耦合器设计方法,选用高导热材料Rogers TC350+作为耦合器介质,利用软基板多层混压方式进行产品加工,通过仿真试验与真空环境实测,表明此类设计既具有体积小、重量轻的特点,又可有效抑制器件微放电效应,确保了耦合器的工作性能,满足卫星系统使用工况。     

湿式摩擦离合器挤压过程及接合特性分析

针对湿式摩擦离合器接合过程中的挤压机理及微凸体接触问题，综合考虑摩擦片表面油槽结构，材料渗透性等因素，根据修正雷诺方程和K-E（Kogut-Etsion）接触模型，对湿式摩擦离合器的挤压过程中的动压承载力、微凸体承载力以及转矩转速变化等建模分析，并采用有限差分法对修正雷诺方程求解，对挤压过程中的油膜压缩速度、油膜厚度变化率和片间承载力等挤压特性和转速、转矩等接合特性展开了仿真分析。并采用SAE#2试验机进行了相关试验获得了转速、转矩、压力、摩擦因数等数据，与仿真分析进行了对比。结果表明：湿式摩擦离合器接合过程可分为3个阶段，通常会在1 s内完成，在0.02 s左右开始从挤压阶段经压紧阶段在0.03 s左右过渡到全微凸体接触阶段，试验与理论分析结果一致。