新军事变革中航空武器装备体系的发展

简要介绍了近年来世界新军事变革过程中各主要军事强国航空武器装备体系的发展变化和特点.据此对未来航空武器装备体系的发展趋势提出了看法.     

Characterization and Calibration of the CheMin Mineralogical Instrument on Mars Science Laboratory

A principal goal of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to identify and characterize past habitable environments on Mars. Determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils constrains their formation and alteration pathways, providing information on climate and habitability through time. The CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument on MSL will return accurate mineralogical identifications and quantitative phase abundances for scooped soil samples and drilled rock powders collected at Gale Crater during Curiosity’s 1-Mars-year nominal mission. The instrument has a Co X-ray source and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector arranged in transmission geometry with the sample. CheMin’s angular range of 5^° to 50^° 2θ with <0.35^° 2θ resolution is sufficient to identify and quantify virtually all minerals. CheMin’s XRF requirement was descoped for technical and budgetary reasons. However, X-ray energy discrimination is still required to separate Co?Kα from Co?Kβ and Fe?Kα photons. The X-ray energy-dispersive histograms (EDH) returned along with XRD for instrument evaluation should be useful in identifying elements Z>13 that are contained in the sample. The CheMin XRD is equipped with internal chemical and mineralogical standards and 27 reusable sample cells with either Mylar^? or Kapton^? windows to accommodate acidic-to-basic environmental conditions. The CheMin flight model (FM) instrument will be calibrated utilizing analyses of common samples against a demonstration-model (DM) instrument and CheMin-like laboratory instruments. The samples include phyllosilicate and sulfate minerals that are expected at Gale crater on the basis of remote sensing observations.     

Reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering wear degradation

This paper focuses on the issue of reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering the uncertainties in the wear process of mechanical components. First, the multi-body kinematic model of the slat mechanism is built in the ADAMS software. The geometrical sizes of the roller wheels after wear degradation are considered as input variables and the angle the slat should turn is considered as the output response. To accurately identify the influential roller wheels to the reliability and robustness of the slat mechanism, the failure probability based sensitivity and variance-based sensitivity indices are introduced. Comprehensive analysis of the results have shown that the reliability analysis and global sensitivity theory can help engineers find significant parts by their contributions, thus provide guidance for mechanical design and maintenance.     

固体药柱超声波特征扫描系统研制

对固体火箭发动机药柱的超声检测方法进行了研究,介绍了超声特征扫描成像原理及缺陷检测方法,研制了药柱超声波特征扫描系统,并用低频组合探头对药柱进行了检测.试验表明,设计的超声特征扫描系统可采用幅度成像、深度成像方法显示药柱的缺陷.     

民机的一种新型布局形式——翼身融合体飞机

 讨论了一种区别于机翼与圆柱机身的传统民机外形——翼身融合体（BWB）外形。从给定容积下减少浸润面积和摩擦阻力的考虑发展出了翼身融合体的概念。在满足系列设计约束条件下讨论了适于大型（800座）客机的翼身融合体的技术和商业上的可能性。概念设计研究表明,翼身融合体外形可获得比常规外形更好的性能。巡航升阻比可从传统外形的19提高至23。480座的BWB外形与同量级的传统外形（A380-700）相比,最大起飞重量可减少18%,每座位燃油消耗可减少32%,具有良好的环保性。通过气动载荷分布规律的反设计,翼型修型和三维优化设计等气动设计方法可以有效减阻和提高BWB的气动性能。由于BWB的高度融合性,讨论了多学科优化设计方法的重要性和有效性。BWB概念能够发展成BWB系列机,进一步提高巡航马赫数也是可能的。     

基于Hamilton-Jacobi方程的编队飞行控制

 针对椭圆参考轨道的编队飞行控制系统,基于哈密尔顿 雅克比（Hamilton-Jacobi）方程,给出一种新的生成函数半解析近似解的计算方法,同时推导了编队飞行控制系统相对运动的线性状态转移矩阵,并且验证了模型的精度。在此基础上,结合一个具体的编队飞行任务,采用线性规划算法得到了队形保持的闭环控制器,该算法得到的是脉冲形式的控制序列,因此更具有实际意义。同时还提出了一种简单的避免生成函数奇异点的方法,从而减少了生成函数间相互转换所带来的计算量。最后的非线性仿真结果验证了控制方法的有效性。     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

无人作战飞机自主控制分级递阶控制结构

把智能控制领域的分级递阶控制结构应用于无人作战飞机(UAV)自主控制的结构设计,根据"精度随智能降低而提高(IPDI)"的原则,把该控制系统分为3个层次:执行级、协调级和组织级。执行级完成高精度的局部控制任务;协调级产生航迹及导航信号,并对子系统的工作进行协调;组织级提供决策支持。提出了通过内外回路的方法来实现整个控制系统的硬件。根据每一级的功能需求,提炼出在多任务模式下各级的关键技术,进行了模块化分解,并分析了它们之间的逻辑关系。重点阐述了协调级和组织级的约束条件及实现过程。     

Hale引理证明的修正

本文指出了著名的Ｈａｌｅ引理证明中的不足之处,并给以完善。     

片梭织机的提速及其改造

从片梭织机的结构、性能、织造工艺和织机调试等方面入笔,分析了影响片梭织机提速的有关因素,提出了为合理提速而对织机所采取的改造方法。