一种恒电长度干涉仪分析的新方法

对数周期天线的相位中心随频率呈线性变化,用2个对数周期天线可以构成具有恒电特性的干涉仪天线阵,在工程应用中,天线相位中心较大的测试误差会导致天线阵调试困难.通过对恒电长度干涉仪的分析,提出了利用相位扫频测试对天线阵进行调试分析的方法,避免了繁杂的相位中心测试,简化了天线阵的调试过程,测试数据可直接用于系统校正.     

基于真空自位密封的KM6水平舱舱门系统研制

KM6水平舱舱门是为“人-船-服”热真空联合试验的任务要求而定的,是KM6水平舱人员进出舱内的重要通道。在KM6水平舱各舱体上设置相应的气压平衡装置,以使方形舱门能在真空条件下转动或平动开闭。舱门为方形转动或平动舱门,门轴装置采用双轴铰链机构,开启灵活,联动锁紧机构可靠,使得舱门法兰结构形成可靠的真空自位密封。结果表明:该舱门系统经受了KM6水平舱联合调试和“SZ-6神舟六号”飞船轨道舱泄复压试验的考验,各项技术指标均满足要求,实现了真空条件下的快速开启和有效的自位密封,达到了研制目的。     

KM6水平舱消防灭火系统介绍

消防灭火系统是KM6水平舱的重要组成系统之一。由于舱内环境的特殊性,使得该系统不同于普通的消防灭火系统。针对KM6水平舱舱内的特殊环境,本文章分析了消防灭火系统的关键问题,提出了解决的具体方案,结合目前国际上先进的消防灭火技术,设计提出了适合KM6水平舱特殊环境的消防灭火系统具体方案。系统经过调试后表明:该系统设计理念先进,能很好的地满足水平舱“人-船-服”联合试验的需要。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

基于微课的材料成型及控制工程专业英语翻转课堂教学实践与探索

微课不是指用于微学习的微内容,而是指使用专业软件构建便于在线和移动学习的实际教学内容。笔者结合教学实践,利用iSpring Suite软件制作微课,开展对材料成型专业英语的教学研究,并进一步探索基于微课的翻转课堂教学模式。