Rotation method for direction finding via GPS carrier phases

A baseline rotation method is proposed for determining the direction of the baseline vector via Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase measurements. The space difference technique is adopted to resolve GPS carrier phase cycle ambiguities. Possible applications include the determination of the aiming directions of artillery rockets and the line of sights of tracking radars, etc. For such armaments, the direction findings are important and the rotating mechanisms are well equipped already. A general baseline vector which can be rotated on a two-degree-of-freedom platform is considered first. The relationship among the baseline vector and the two rotation axes is not known. A sequence of rotations is used to change the configuration of the system to find the direction of the baseline. Under different circumstances such as the cases that some orthogonal conditions among the unknown vectors are given, simplified algorithms are devised. To verify our method, software simulation and hardware experiments have been conducted. The simulation outcomes are used to determine the experimental parameters, such as the length of the baseline, the rotation angles etc. The results of repeated hardware experiments show that the sample standard deviation for the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the 1.35 m baseline vector are 0.91 deg and 1.23 deg, respectively. The GPS receivers employed are Motorola ONCOREs. The errors of the estimated direction angles induced by the inaccuracy of rotation angles, which are unavoidable due to the imperfectness of the mechanical structure, are analyzed as well. Numerical examples for the error analysis are included     

Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading

There are huge potential applications of 3-D braided composite in aerospace engineering because of the non-delamination feature of the composite under impact loading. This paper presents the analysis of energy absorption features of 3-D braided composite under compression with different strain rates. The 3-D 4-step rectangular braided composite coupons were tested on a material tester MTS 810.23 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to obtain out-of-plane and in-plane compression stress vs. strain curves at quasi-static and high strain rate state. The failure modes and energy absorption features of the 3-D braided composite under different strain rates were analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain. The energy absorbed by the 3-D braided composite increases with the strain rate. From fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of compression stress vs. time histories, the power of energy absorption of the 3-D braided composite increases with strain rate and mostly concentrate on the high frequency region. While for quasi-static compression, the power distributes in very narrow frequency region and also is less than that in high strain rates. This feature corresponds to the different damage and energy absorption mechanisms of the 3-D braided composite under quasi-static and high strain rate compression.     

Feedback median filter for robust preprocessing of glint noise

Glint noise may arise in a target tracking system. The non-Gaussian behavior of glint noise can severely degrade the tracking performance. Measurement preprocessing at the front-end of the tracker is an effective method to reduce glint noise. The preprocessor proposed by Hewer, Martin, and Zeh (1987), which used the computationally intensive M-estimator, may not be suitable for practical implementation. An alternative method employing the median filter is studied here. The median filter is well known for its simplicity and robustness. However, the efficiency of the median filter can be seriously degraded if input samples are not identically distributed. This is what we may encounter in the tracking problem. A feedback median filter is then proposed to overcome this impediment without substantially increasing complexity. Simulations show that the new preprocessor can greatly improve tracking performance in the glint noise environment.     

On Computing the Cramer-Rao Bound for a Random Signal

The Cramer-Rao bound for estimating parameters of a random signal is obtained using a sampled data approach. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the result. In two limiting cases, it is shown that this bound converges to the well-known bounds for the point and Rayleigh targets.     

半球谐振陀螺控制及补偿技术

首先介绍了半球谐振陀螺(HRG)发展历程，分析国内外研究现状并总结了现阶段半球谐振陀螺发展趋势；其次讨论了半球谐振陀螺控制技术，包括不同条件下驻波的激励检测方法、陀螺工作模式、驻波控制方案，以及一种全新的频率调制控制方案；另外，分别以驻波调制补偿、电极增益补偿、多陀螺补偿以及环境载荷补偿为例，分析了控制方案补偿、器件补偿、系统补偿以及场景补偿等四种半球谐振陀螺补偿技术；最后通过对现有技术和研究的分析，提出了半球谐振陀螺控制及补偿技术未来的发展方向。     

Video watermarking synchronization based on profile statistics

A novel temporal synchronization method for video watermarking by matching the profile statistics. The profile statistics, represented by the characteristic parameters such as position mean and variance in the x-and y-directions, of a frame in a video sequence can easily be calculated and sent as side information to the receiver. At the receiving end, temporal attacks such as transposition, dropping, and insertion can be detected by comparing side information and characteristic parameters calculated from the received video. The simulation results show that the proposed method can successfully re-synchronize the attacked video back to the original format with accuracy from 72.41% to 98.15% for various video sequences based on single frame matching. After the voting process, the GOP detection accuracy can be improved to the range of from 96.30% to 100%.     

多雷达跟踪网数据融合算法的研究

为了将国外多传感器融合技术引用的雷达网系统中，本文对国外多传感器数据融合技术做了简要叙述，并进行了归纳，分析，作者认为在卡尔曼滤波前，对多个传感器的观测数据进行并行的预处理（融合估计）的算法比其他融合算法要求，为了找到使跟踪精度更高的数据融合算法，本文不仅就参与融合的观测值的数目与跟踪精度的关系进行了仿真比较，而且对几种认为可取的国外算法进行了扩展与改进。最后，将改进后的几种融合算法就其应用于雷达     

Coherent Doppler tomography-a technique for narrow band SAR

Some concerns regarding a technique of narrowband synthetic aperture radar (N-SAR) imaging called coherent Doppler tomography (CDT), which may be a good candidate for spaceborne applications, are addressed. Using a single-frequency signal, are addressed. Using a single-frequency signal, resolution of two tenths of a wavelength can be achieved in the point spread function if the radar platform circles the ground path to be imaged. However, the high sidelobe level of -8-dB in the point spread function results in an unacceptable dynamic range. To reduce the sidelobe level, two approaches are presented: coherent processing using multiple discrete frequencies and noncoherent subaperture processing. Simulation results demonstrate that the sidelobe level is substantially reduced by both methods. However, the resolution is degraded and the computational overhead is greatly increased for noncoherent subaperture processing. Also presented is a possible satellite geometry configuration that could utilize N-SAR processing to provide high-resolution global mapping capability     

飞机平衡状态的优化计算方法

分析了飞机定常飞行时平衡状态的基本特性，提出一种平衡状态及平衡面的优化计算方法，并以F－16飞机为模型，对其常规飞行时的平衡状态参数在推力矢量控制下迎角定常飞行时的平衡面进行了计算。仿真结果表明，该方法具有较好的收敛性、稳定性，在飞机定常飞行的配平计算、用分支突变理论分析大迎角非线性特性时平衡面的计算以及推力矢量控制的分析计算中，有广泛的应用价值。     

总经理致辞

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