结合图像局部信息的高斯混合型图像分割框架

针对现有的基于判别型或聚类型的图像,用分割方法无法处理被噪声污染的图像的现状,提出一种新的两步式图像分割框架。该框架首先利用图像的局部信息重塑图像的灰度直方图,增强了像素的类间散布性和类内紧凑性,然后将现有的基于判别型或基于聚类型图像分割方法在重塑图像上执行,从而提高了现有图像分割算法的有效性和鲁棒性。文中用典型的聚类型方法高斯混合模型来说明该框架的可行性。由于框架的两个步骤具有独立性．因此可推广到现有的其他基于像素或直方图的方法。在人工和真实图像上的实验结果证明,这种两步图像分割框架可以获得有效且鲁棒的图像分割结果。     

移相谐振PWM技术的研究

本文着重讨论在高频应用场合下的移相零电压谐振ＰＷＭ 技术,分析移相型谐振变换器、谐振腔电路及定频ＰＷＭ（脉宽调制）技术中的设计规范。     

非接触光测物体大位移研究

提出了一种非接触光学法－单光栅双图像法测量物体位移的新技术，利用两个正交的图像记录系统，在试件作大位移后，记录被平行多光束照射形成的光点所覆盖的试件的图像，借助于记录光路系统几何表数，可建立一联立方程组。解此方程组，就可得到被测物体上诸光点所表示的测点的位移大小和坐标值，文中还论述了度件图上测点位置的确定和修正方法，导出了被测物休图像负片上测点的实际坐标的计算公式，实验结果证明，本文提出的测量理论是正确的。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF TWO INTERFACE METHODS FOR COMPRESSIBLE MULTI-FLUID FLOWS

INTRODUCTIONThe direct numerical simulation of com-pressible multi- fluid flows is an important re-search topic with various key applications.Therelatively dominant difficulty of simulation lies intreatment of the moving material interface. Ingeneral,there are two basic approaches to treatcontact discontinuities.The first,front trackingmethod[1,2 ] ,explicitly characterize the interfacemotion by the motion of individual points on theinterface. The other approach is front capturingmethod[3…     

双组元姿控发动机喷管化学反应流场数值模拟

本文对混合比为０．９、１．０、１．１三种状态下工作的双组元自然推进剂（肼／四氧化二氮）姿控发动机喷管内化学反应流动进行了数值模拟。数值模拟时采用了弱耦合点隐式方法的数值方法及肼／四氧化二氮的十二组分、十三个基元反应的有限速率化学反应模型。得到了三种混合比下反应流及混合比为１．０时冻结流发动机的推力和比推力、喷管中的流动参数及各组分的质量分数。分析表明，数值模拟的结果与理论分析一致，结果可靠。本文工作为姿控发动机的喷管设计提供了理论依据。     

考虑瞬态特性的无人机自适应容错控制设计

针对固定翼无人机纵向轨迹跟踪控制问题,基于反馈线性化和模型跟随控制设计基础控制器,实现无故障情况下闭环系统的稳定和轨迹渐近跟踪控制。考虑固定翼无人机的执行器可能发生不同类型及大小的故障,分别针对各种不同故障模式设计与之对应的补偿控制器。为综合解决执行器故障的多重不确定性问题,采用加权融合与自适应控制相结合的方式设计综合控制器结构,并对与故障相关的控制器参数进行估计。最后,通过在基础控制器设计中添加H∞补偿项,以抑制故障补偿控制器参数估计误差对闭环系统输出跟踪性能造成的不利影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方案不仅能保证闭环系统的稳定性,而且在发生不确定执行器故障的情况下,固定翼无人机姿态控制系统输出能渐近跟踪给定的参考模型输出,通过设计适当的H∞补偿器参数可以改善故障补偿控制过程中的瞬态性能。     

可靠性设计优化的球空间设计法

可靠性设计优化（RBDO）在航空航天等领域已经被广泛应用,具有显著提高可靠性的效果;然而它包含两个迭代循环-总体优化循环和可靠性分析循环,双循环求解方法效率低下甚至难以承受。本文提出一种可以提高可靠性设计优化求解效率的方法-球空间设计法,该方法可以方便地表达搜索区域,最大可能失效点可以从极值点处精确获取;同时,该方法可以将总体优化以及可靠性分析同步进行。本文所提出的球空间法的有效性将通过2个算例进行测试,测试结果表明该方法不仅精度与同类方法持平,求解效率有明显提升,它将会对提高航空航天装备如卫星、火箭、飞行器等产品的可靠性提供更为有效的方法和技术支持。     

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件摩擦力矩特性研究

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件是空间飞行器姿态控制系统的核心部件,其轴承的性能直接影响着空间飞行器姿态控制系统的控制精度和使用寿命,甚至危及空间飞行器安全.对于控制力矩陀螺轴承组件,轴承摩擦力矩大小及其波动性是轴承的关键性能指标,针对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺轴承组件,在滚动轴承摩擦学和动力学基础上,建立六自由度控制力矩陀螺轴承组件非线性动力学微分方程组,并采用预估 校正的GSTIFF(Gear stiff)变步长积分算法进行求解,对其在有/无重力的工作环境、公 自转工况、轴承预紧力以及保持架兜孔间隙对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及其波动性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明：预紧力对轴承组件摩擦力矩影响显著,预紧力过大或过小都不利于降低摩擦力矩及其波动性,对于本文分析的轴承组件最佳预紧力为50~55N;保持架稳定性受重力影响显著,无重力时自转工况下保持架较稳定;过小的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩增大,过大的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩波动性增大,存在最优兜孔间隙使得摩擦力矩及其波动性都较小,针对本文分析型号的轴承组件,间隙比应控制在0.6~0.8之间.     

利用"火星快车"三程多普勒跟踪数据限定局部洛伦兹不变性

目前航天器的三程多普勒跟踪技术已经在深空探测的控制与导航领域起到了重要作用。利用包含了对局部洛伦兹不变性(LLI)以及局部位置不变性(LPI)原理有破坏的三程多普勒跟踪理论,研究分析了"火星快车"(MEX)三程多普勒跟踪数据的残差。这些多普勒观测于2009年8月7日和8日进行,利用了欧洲航天局(ESA)在澳大利亚新诺舍(New Norcia)的上行站和三个分别在中国上海、昆明以及乌鲁木齐的下行站。我们发现,这些观测结果给出的LLI上限在10-2的量级。但由于各观测站本身对频率测量的精度有限,这些数据并不适合于检验LPI。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.