基于故障树和快照技术的无人机特情训练方法

针对无人机操作手在执行任务时不能有效地识别与处置特情的难题,提出了一种基于故障树遍历分析和快照技术的无人机特情模拟训练方法,并以样例无人机为研究案例进行了关键技术解析、通用化特情训练系统设计实现和试验.利用故障树理论,建立完备的无人机故障树模型,分析了需重点模拟训练的特情.利用快照技术,实现了不同飞行阶段训练的解耦;结合RTW（Real-Time Workshop）技术、数据库技术和视景仿真技术,完成了通用化无人机特情训练系统的开发,并成功应用于某型无人机的特情训练.给出了样例无人机操作手在不同方法下的训练结果,通过统计数据对比,表明该方法与常规的方法相比,训练效率更高,训练的完备度更好.     

GLONASS-based precise point positioning and performance analysis

Current precise point positioning (PPP) techniques are mainly based on GPS which has been extensively investigated. With the increase of available GLONASS satellites during its revitalization, GLONASS observations were increasingly integrated into GPS-based PPP. Now that GLONASS has reached its full constellation, there will be a wide interest in PPP systems based on only GLONASS since it provides a PPP implementation independent of GPS. An investigation of GLONASS-based PPP will also help the development of GPS and GLONASS combined PPP techniques for improved precision and reliability. This paper presents an observation model for GLONASS-based PPP in which the GLONASS hardware delay biases are addressed. In view of frequently changed frequency channel number (FCN) for GLONASS satellites, an algorithm has been developed to compute the FCN for GLONASS satellites using code and phase observations, which avoids the need to provide the GLONASS frequency channel information during data processing. The observation residuals from GLONASS-based PPP are analyzed and compared to those from GPS-based PPP. The performance of GLONASS-based PPP is assessed using data from 15 globally distributed stations.     

Electrostatic gravity gradiometer design for the future mission

Satellite gravity gradiometry has been applied in GOCE mission to obtain higher harmonics of the Earth’s gravity mapping. In-orbit results showed that the precision of GOCE gradiometry achieved a level of 10–20 mE/Hz^1/2 in the bandwidth of 38–100 mHz, and the major error source came from the intrinsic noise of the core sensor electrostatic accelerometer. Two schemes for improving sensitivity of such accelerometer are presented by optimizing the parameters to reduce the dynamic range and choosing the heavier proof mass to suppress the thermal noise limited by the discharging gold wire. As a result, an accelerometer with a better resolution of 6.6×$6.6\times$10⁻¹³ m/s²/Hz^1/2 could be developed, and then a precision of 3 mE/Hz^1/2, corresponding to a spatial resolution of about 78 km half wavelength, is achievable for the future satellite gradiometric mission.     

商用飞机机务维修保障能力评价方法

商用飞机机务维修保障能力的评价效率亟须提高。首先,建立商用飞机维修保障系统能力评估指标体系;然后,介绍主成分分析法的原理,并建立优化决策模型;最后,通过SPSS软件采用主成分分析法对不同维修保障方案进行评估,以保证飞机的适航完整性。结果表明:主成分分析法消除了主观因素对评价的影响,得到的评价指标可用于商用飞机维修保障能力的定量评价,评价结果可为各航空公司及维修单位提供借鉴。     

SiC 多孔陶瓷的仿生合成

生物拟态SiC陶瓷以硅溶胶浸渍木材模板或其碳模板结合碳热还原法制备,模板不同的显微结构对SiC多孔陶瓷的仿生合成具有显著影响.结果表明:浸渍效果取决于模板的显气孔率、孔径大小及分布均匀性.松木的浸渍效果最好,经1次浸渍,松木模板及其碳模板的增重率分别为66.5wt％和76.8wt％.经3次浸溃—煅烧循环,松木的增重率为156.8％,累积SiO2吸收量远高于柚木和连香木.模板的显微结构、循环次数、煅烧温度影响陶瓷化程度,经3次浸渍—煅烧(1 600℃)循环,由松木生成的C/SiC模板中残碳率仅为15wt％,低于由柚木或连香木生成C/SiC模板的1/3.1 600℃煅烧4次循环后,由松木模板生成的SiC多孔陶瓷中残碳率接近零,碳细胞壁转变成SiC多孔陶瓷细胞壁,其孔隙率为71 vol％.     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

陈乃兴先生的主要学术成就和对科技发展的重要贡献:隆重纪念陈乃兴先生逝世一周年

2019年8月6日是中国著名工程热物理学家陈乃兴先生逝世一周年的纪念日。从6个方面详细阐述了陈乃兴先生的主要学术成就和对科技发展的重要贡献。他一生献身祖国、献身科学研究的拼搏精神,将鼓舞大家砥砺奋进。     

美军有人-无人协同作战发展与趋势分析

随着人工智能技术、信息化技术的快速发展,世界军事强国着眼于未来强对抗环境,都在关注有人-无人机协同作战样式的研发,不断推出新理念、新项目,不断进行演示验证工作,且已取得阶段性成果.简要介绍美军有人-无人协同作战项目的发展概况,分析未来发展趋势.     

滑移流区内不同Kn数对流动及传热影响的数值分析

针对微尺度二维通道气体滑移流区的流动阻力和传热特性,采用滑移模型和SIMPLER数值进行了模拟分析.研究了定热流情况下不同Kn数时通道内压力、速度和温度场的分布以及流动阻力和换热的特性.数值分析结果表明随着Kn数的增大,速度滑移和温度跳跃的程度都增加,并且影响着流动阻力的下降,但两者对于换热系数的影响趋势是相反的:速度滑移有利于提高换热系数,而温度跳跃则降低换热系数,但总体上增加了微通道中的热阻.     

超声速压气机叶栅中激波、边界层相互作用的基本现象及被动式控制的研究

高级压比轴流压气机叶栅中激波、边界层相互作用会引起激波振荡并增加流动损失。本实验在超声速压气机叶栅风洞中研究激波、边界层相互作用现象并用激波、边界层相互作用的被动式控制方法寻求减弱激波振荡、减小流动损失的途径。被动式控制是用带有空腔的多孔表面部分地取代叶片吸力面的固体表面，并使该多孔表面恰好位于激波位置的下方。本文给出了有无被动控制时叶栅通道的纹影照相、高速照相、激波强度及叶栅损失，并对它们加以比较。结果表明，激波由无孔叶片时的单一波变成有孔叶片时的入波，激波强度变弱，激波振幅减小，叶栅等摘效率得以提高。