冷却流道布局对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

为了研究不同的冷却流道布局对大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构响应和低周疲劳寿命的影响, 采用有限体积流—热耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热—结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法对比分析了冷却剂单向逆流、单向顺流和先顺向流动再逆向流动的来回流三种流道布局方案。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管内衬最严重的节点应变主要发生在喷管前部内衬燃气侧壁面与肋条对称面及槽道对称面相交的危险区域,这也是节点低周疲劳寿命最小的位置;铣槽内衬节点的应变时间历程主要由塑性应变决定,肋条与槽道对称面上内衬节点的热结构响应存在较大差异;采用冷却剂单向逆流布局的铣槽喷管内衬节点应变幅和残余应变最大,导致喷管疲劳使用寿命最短;采用冷却剂单向顺流布局的铣槽喷管内衬节点应变幅和残余应变最小,导致喷管低周疲劳寿命最长;采用冷却剂来回流布局的再生冷却喷管铣槽内衬的热结构响应和疲劳使用寿命均处于上述两者之间,但取消了喷管尾部集合器和外置冷却剂供给管路等易失效的部件。      

大数据时代下的思维变革、问题与应对决策

随着互联网技术的不断更新、数据信息的急剧增长,大数据时代已被开启。为了更好地顺应这次重大的时代转型,文章从大数据的基本含义、时代特征入手,引出大数据时代下,爆炸性的数据是如何变革着我们的思维方式,同时指出了大数据时代下面临的问题,分享了应对决策,以期提高社会对大数据的关注度和适应能力。     

基于系统动力学的装备研制项目风险传递研究

通过对装备研制项目进行系统分析,确定了项目技术风险、费用风险和工期风险三者相互之间的影响方式和传递关系,建立了基于系统动力学的项目研制活动风险传递因果关系模型。运用VensimPLE软件对某型装备研制项目研制活动的技术风险、费用风险和工期风险的变化规律进行了仿真。结果表明,技术风险对费用风险和工期风险有着显著的影响,这三者均随项目活动的推进而逐渐降低。3种类型风险随时间的动态变化可作为项目风险管理工作的参考和决策支持。     

导弹飞行仿真系统可视化设计与实现

针对导弹设计中对飞行仿真数据和舵面、喷管等动态部件实时观察的需求,设计了一种以系统仿真、虚拟现实和可视化技术为基础的导弹飞行仿真系统,先通过弹体数学仿真模型计算得到飞行仿真数据,然后通过仿真管理部分对数据进行处理和保存,最后采用三维视景显示、二维弹下点轨迹和数据动态曲线显示等方式,实现了导弹飞行系统的可视化仿真.实验结果表明,系统能够实现导弹的实时飞行仿真,能够实时观测飞行仿真数据和弹体、舵面、喷管等部件的动态变化,为导弹设计与研制提供了直观、有效的仿真手段.     

提高液体火箭发动机诱导轮汽蚀性能的研究

诱导轮叶型的设计应尽可能减少静压降,并保证叶片的负荷分布均匀,减轻叶片的汽蚀破坏。利用CFD技术分析了阶梯壳体和叶片打孔对诱导轮叶片负荷的影响,计算结果表明这些措施都可以降低叶片前缘的负荷。相比较于叶片打孔,阶梯壳体更加有助于降低叶片前缘的负荷,在一定程度上提高诱导轮汽蚀性能。最后,通过基于混合模型的汽蚀计算验证了上述结论的正确性。     

飞行器气动外形的正交设计与分析

结合飞行器总体快速设计需求,研究基于正交试验设计的气动外形分析方法。通过正交试验设计,获得飞行器气动特性数据,再根据试验结果的极差分析和方差分析,快速明确飞行器外形参数与阻力系数的影响程度,辨识关键参数,指导飞行器外形设计。以某飞行器为应用对象开展了实例验证,结果表明该方法能够快速获得满足要求的气动外形,提高分析效率,满足总体方案快速设计需求。     

船舶涡旋流堵漏桨叶位置与涡旋流形成效果的关系研究

船舶涡旋流堵漏方法是为克服现有堵漏手段存在的不足而提出的一种新技术思想。在自行设计制作了专门实验装置的基础上,分别利用柔性桨叶和刚性桨叶进行了一系列涡旋流堵漏实验,定量研究了桨叶工作位置对破口进水量的影响规律,进而揭示了桨叶位置与涡旋流形成效果的关系。实验结果发现：当桨叶与破口处于同一高度且距离破口越近时,对降低破口进水量的效果越明显,使用于堵漏的时间可延长300%以上。这一结论可为船舶涡旋流堵漏方法的完善提供必要的理论基础和实验依据。     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

Analysis of reaction torque-based control of a redundant free-floating space robot

Owing to the dynamics coupling between a free-floating base and a manipulator,the non-stationary base of a space robot will face the issue of base disturbance due to a manipulator's motion.The reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid is an important index to measure the satellite base's disturbance.In this paper,a comprehensive analysis of the reaction torque is made,and a novel way to derive the analytical form of the reaction torque is proposed.In addition,the reaction torque null-space is derived,in which the manipulator's joint motion is dynamically decoupled from the motion of the satellite base,and its novel expression demonstrates the equivalence between the reaction torque null-space and the reaction null-space.Furthermore,the reaction torque acted as an optimization index can be utilized to achieve satellite base disturbance minimization in the generalized Jacobian-based end-effector Cartesian path tracking task.Besides,supposing that the redundant degrees of freedom are abundant to achieve reaction torque-based active control,the reaction torque can be used to realize satellite base attitude control,that is,base attitude adjustment or maintenance.Moreover,because reaction torque-based control is a second-order control scheme,joint torque minimization can be regarded as the optimization task in reaction torque-based active or in-active control.A real-time simulation system of a 7-DOF space robot under Linux/RTAI is developed to verify and test the feasibility and reliability of the proposed ideas.Our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the corresponding analysis about the reaction torque is correct and the proposed methods are feasible.