从云纹数字图象直接建立应变场图象的新方法

 本文提出一种从云纹数字图象直接建立数字应变场图象的新方法。数字应变场图象直接用图象灰度表示应变大小。此方法不但得到定量的、直观形象的应变场图象,且方法简单,实用,满足工程精度要求。     

台速度估计(英文)

针对惯性稳定平台中高精度和高带宽的速度信号需求,提出了基于低成本MEMS传感器的最优速度估计算法。采用一种新颖的传感器组合形式,包括一个低带宽的MEMS陀螺和两个低性能的MEMS加速度计。陀螺由于自身动态特性的影响,主要提供速度的低频信息,加速度计组合则由于自身偏置的影响,主要提供速度的高频信息,而估计器将两者信号进行融合。实验表明:最优状态估计器能够在时频域上,提供无偏的、高性能的速度信号。同时,在单自由度微型惯性稳定平台的应用过程中,其控制性能得到了相应的提高。该算法也适用于机器人控制、姿态估计和摩擦补偿等领域。     

航天发展“十一五”规划

序言 航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一,航天产业已成为国家的战略高技术产业。发展航天是增强我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力的重要举措。     

一种新型燃速催化剂的作用效果研究

合成了一种新型二茂铁化合物—1,1—双(三甲基硅氧乙基)二茂铁,并研究了这种化合物对AP/HTPB复合推进剂燃烧性能、力学性能以及工艺性能的影响。实验结果表明,这种化合物具有改善推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的双重作用。     

过渡金属氧化物催化部位的实验研究

采用热分析技术和单幅近距摄影实验,考察了过渡金属氧化物(TMO)对HTPB推进剂凝聚相反应和气相反应的催化作用,讨论了TMO的主要催化部位。     

一种爬壁机器人的动力学建模

City-Climber是1台爬壁机器人,为研究该机器人的3D路径规划问题,建立了City-Climber在方形房间内运动的运动学模型和动力学模型,该动力学模型包括3个子模型,机器人在地面、墙壁和天花板的运动分别用1个子模型描述.引入无量纲变量分别对3个子模型进行简化,再用Matlab软件对模型进行仿真,验证了动力学模型的正确性.该模型可用于解决City-Climber在3D环境下的路径规划和避障问题.     

壁面带微结构管道内Cassie状态稳定性的实验研究

保持液体在微结构表面处于Cassie状态,是流动减阻的关键。首先利用MicroPTV分别测量了带微结构侧壁处于Cassie和Wenzel状态下的流场速度,表明Cassie状态下近壁速度提高至光滑表面的1.6倍,而Wenzel状态下近壁速度将减小。通过精细控制微管道的驱动压强,观察了液体在近壁由Cassie向Wenzel状态的转变,并测出C/W转变的临界压强值Δpcr约10.9kPa,与Laplace理论预测值10.15kPa基本相符。考虑到Cassie状态失稳也会发生在液体进样过程中,实验还观察了微结构角点对液体进样的＂锚定＂作用,并初步分析了液体进样中自由液面在微结构表面保持Cassie状态的条件。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

Visualization Experiments of a Specific Fuel Flow Through Quartz-glass Tubes Under both Sub- and Supercritical Conditions

The present work is a visualization study of a typical kerosene (RP-3) flowing through vertical and horizontal quartz-glass tubes under both suband supercritical conditions by a high speed camera. The experiments are accomplished at temperatures of 300-730 K under pressures from 0.107-5 MPa. Six distinctive two-phase flow patterns are observed in upward flow and the critical point of RP-3 is identified as critical pressure pc=2.33 MPa and critical temperature Tc=645.04 K and it is found that when the fluid pressure exceeds 2.33 MPa the flow can be considered as a single phase flow. The critical opalescence phenomenon of RP-3 is observed when the temperature is between 643.16 K and 648.61 K and the pressure is between 2.308 MPa and 2.366 MPa. The region filled by the critical opalescence in the upward flow is clearly larger than that in the downward flow due to the interaction between the buoyancy force and fluid inertia. Morecover, obvious layered flow phenomenon is observed in horizontal flow under supercritical pressures due to the differences of gravity and density.     

机械冲击载荷下固体推进剂热点微观模型探讨

分析了推进剂内部初始裂纹在机械冲击载荷作用下的扩展以及与反应气体产物相互作用。利用Ⅰ、Ⅱ型裂纹扩展、推进剂分解化学动力学模型,建立微观热点模型,研究了裂纹面摩擦、推进剂分解以及裂纹内部气相反应等微观过程。进行数值模拟计算,得出了推进剂产生高温热点或导致冲击点燃的外部条件。认为裂纹间摩擦和气相产物在高速冲击下压缩可导致推进荆热点产生。